类似于正则表达式的语法或CFG，用于生成级联字符串变量和文字的笛卡尔积

Question

I am writing a simulator, and would like to run studies by invoking a lot of instances of the simulator, using different sets of command-line arguments. I have read this question and several others, and they seem close, but I'm actually not looking for random data fulfilling a particular regex, I would like the set of all strings that match the regex. An example input file would look something like this:

myprogram.{version1|version2} -arg1 {1|2|4} {-arg2|}

or:

myprogram.{0} -arg1 {1} {2}
0: "version1" "version2"
1: "1" "2" "4"
2: "-arg2" ""

and would produce:

myprogram.version1 -arg1 1 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 1
myprogram.version1 -arg1 2 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 4 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 4
myprogram.version2 -arg1 1 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 1
myprogram.version2 -arg1 2 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 4 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 4

I would imagine something like this already exists, I just don't know the correct term to search for. Any help would be much appreciated. I can implement an abstract technique or algorithm myself if need be, but if it's a pre-existing tool I would prefer it to be free (at least as in beer) and run on Linux.

I know I am probably leaving some details out, and can be more specific about the appropriate things if necessary, rather than inundate people with a lot of detail up front. It is entirely possible that I am going about this the wrong way, and I am welcome to all solutions, even if they solve my problem in a different way.

Most importantly, this solution should not require me to write any extra parsing code if I want to add more argument options to the "cross-product" of strings I generate. I already have a Perl script that does this with a set of nested for loops over each "variable" that must change every time I change the number or nature of variables.

Answer 1

As long as the braces are not nested, regular expressions will work fine. If you require nesting, you could add some extra recursion in the implementation language.

Here is an example in Python:

import re

def make_choices(template):
    pat = re.compile(r'(.*?)\{([^{}]+)\}',re.S)

    # tokenize the string
    last_end = 0
    choices = []
    for match in pat.finditer(template):
        prefix, alts = match.groups()
        if prefix:
            choices.append((prefix,)) # as a tuple
        choices.append(alts.split("|"))
        last_end = match.end()

    suffix = template[last_end:]
    if suffix:
        choices.append((suffix,))

    # recursive inner function
    def chooser(index):
        if index >= len(choices):
            yield []
        else:
            for alt in choices[index]:
                for result in chooser(index+1):
                    result.insert(0,alt)
                    yield result

    for result in chooser(0):
        yield ''.join(result)

Example:

>>> for result in make_choices('myprogram.{version1|version2} -arg1 {1|2|4} {-arg2|}'):
...     print result
...
myprogram.version1 -arg1 1 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 1
myprogram.version1 -arg1 2 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 4 -arg2
myprogram.version1 -arg1 4
myprogram.version2 -arg1 1 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 1
myprogram.version2 -arg1 2 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 4 -arg2
myprogram.version2 -arg1 4

You could use os.system() to execute the commands from within Python:

#!/etc/env python
import sys, os

template = ' '.join(sys.args)
failed = 0
total = 0
for command in make_choices(template):
    print command
    if os.system(command):
        print 'FAILED'
        failed += 1
    else:
        print 'OK'
    total += 1

print
print '%d of %d failed.' % (failed,total)

sys.exit(failed > 0)

And then on the command line:

user:/home/> template.py 'program.{version1|version2}'
program.version1
OK
program.version2
FAILED

1 of 2 failed.

Answer 2

You're not really looking for something that regular expressions were designed for. You're just looking for a tool that generates combinations of discrete options.

Depending on the set of all possible arguments, an exhaustive list of combinations may not actually be necessary. Regardless, you should look into Pairwise Testing . I know for a fact that the PICT tool can generate you either the exhaustive list or the pairwise list of test cases you desire.