使用 ClickHouse 使用来自 Kafka 的嵌套 JSON 消息

Question

Clickhouse can definitely read JSON messages from Kafka if they are flat JSON documents.

We indicate this with kafka_format = 'JSONEachRow' in Clickhouse.

This is the way we currently using it:

CREATE TABLE topic1_kafka
(
    ts Int64,
    event String,
    title String,
    msg String
) ENGINE = Kafka
SETTINGS kafka_broker_list = 'kafka1test.intra:9092,kafka2test.intra:9092,kafka3test.intra:9092',
kafka_topic_list = 'topic1', kafka_num_consumers = 1, kafka_group_name = 'ch1', 
kafka_format = 'JSONEachRow'

This is fine as long as producers send flat JSON to topic1_kafka . But not all producers send flat JSON, most of the applications generate nested JSON documents like this:

{
  "ts": 1598033988,
  "deviceId": "cf060111-dbe6-4aa8-a2d0-d5aa17f45663",
  "location": [39.920515, 32.853708],
  "stats": {
    "temp": 71.2,
    "total_memory": 32,
    "used_memory": 21.2
  }
}

Unfortunately the JSON document above is not compatible with JSONEachRow , therefore ClickHouse cannot map fields in the JSON document to columns in the table.

Is there any way to do this mapping?

EDIT : We want to map the nested json to a flat table like this:

CREATE TABLE topic1
(
    ts Int64,
    deviceId String,
    location_1 Float64,
    location_2 Float64,
    stats_temp Float64,
    stats_total_memory Float64,
    stats_used_memory Float64
) ENGINE = MergeTree()

Answer 1

It looks like the once way is getting 'raw' data as String and then process each row using JSON functions in Consumer Materialized View.

WITH '{"ts": 1598033988, "deviceId": "cf060111-dbe6-4aa8-a2d0-d5aa17f45663", "location": [39.920515, 32.853708], "stats": { "temp": 71.2, "total_memory": 32, "used_memory": 21.2 }}' AS raw
SELECT 
  JSONExtractUInt(raw, 'ts') AS ts,
  JSONExtractString(raw, 'deviceId') AS deviceId,
  arrayMap(x -> toFloat32(x), JSONExtractArrayRaw(raw, 'location')) AS location,
  JSONExtract(raw, 'stats', 'Tuple(temp Float64, total_memory Float64, used_memory Float64)') AS stats,
  stats.1 AS temp,
  stats.2 AS total_memory,
  stats.3 AS used_memory;

/*
┌─────────ts─┬─deviceId─────────────────────────────┬─location──────────────┬─stats────────────────────────┬─temp─┬─total_memory─┬────────used_memory─┐
│ 1598033988 │ cf060111-dbe6-4aa8-a2d0-d5aa17f45663 │ [39.920513,32.853706] │ (71.2,32,21.200000000000003) │ 71.2 │           32 │ 21.200000000000003 │
└────────────┴──────────────────────────────────────┴───────────────────────┴──────────────────────────────┴──────┴──────────────┴────────────────────┘
*/

Remark: for numbers with floating point should be used type Float64 not Float32 (see related CH Issue 13962 ).

---

Using the standard data types required changing the schema of JSON:

1. represent stats asTuple

CREATE TABLE test_tuple_field
(
    ts Int64,
    deviceId String,
    location Array(Float32),
    stats Tuple(Float32, Float32, Float32)
) ENGINE = MergeTree()
ORDER BY ts;


INSERT INTO test_tuple_field FORMAT JSONEachRow 
{ "ts": 1598033988, "deviceId": "cf060111-dbe6-4aa8-a2d0-d5aa17f45663", "location": [39.920515, 32.853708], "stats": [71.2, 32, 21.2]};

2. represent stats as Nested Structure

CREATE TABLE test_nested_field
(
    ts Int64,
    deviceId String,
    location Array(Float32),
    stats Nested (temp Float32, total_memory Float32, used_memory Float32)
) ENGINE = MergeTree()
ORDER BY ts;


SET input_format_import_nested_json=1;
INSERT INTO test_nested_field FORMAT JSONEachRow 
{ "ts": 1598033988, "deviceId": "cf060111-dbe6-4aa8-a2d0-d5aa17f45663", "location": [39.920515, 32.853708], "stats": { "temp": [71.2], "total_memory": [32], "used_memory": [21.2] }};

---

See the related answer ClickHouse JSON parse exception: Cannot parse input: expected ',' before .

Answer 2

I just want to point out one issue with the comments above: Nested type is not for OP's json structure as it will require array in each sub node.