使用 kde2d 在核密度估计中找到面积的概率

Question

I'm having a very hard time to calculate the probability of a point being in a particular area in a kernel density estimation. This will be used to show the probabilty of an animal moving around in a specific area.

Here is my sample data:

set.seed(123)
x <- runif(100,0,100)
y <- runif(100,0,100)

n <- 11
lims <- c(range(0,100), range(0,100))

f1 <- MASS::kde2d(x = x,y = y ,n = n, lims = lims)

Where f1$z holds the density estimations in a matrix. The corresponding plot is shown below:

library('plot.matrix')
plot(f1$z)

Now, my goal is to find for example the probability of a point being in the cell surrounded in blue.

I wonder, if this can be achieved be simply calculating:

library(raster)
raster <- raster(f1)
df <- as.data.frame(raster,xy=T)
df$layer / sum(df$layer)

But I assume the solution must be to integrate somehow like described in here .

Thank you!

Answer 1

The point surrounded in blue is the point f1$z[3, 2] . Multiply this value by the cell size as computed in the code you link to and have

xlim <- range(f1$x)
ylim <- range(f1$y)
cell_size <- (diff(xlim) / n) * (diff(ylim) / n)

f1$z[3, 2] * cell_size
#[1] 0.003765805

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Off-topic

To see that this will compute the probability over that cell, compute the density over all cells f1$z . It must be equal to 1.

norm <- sum(f1$z) * cell_size  # normalizing constant
sum(f1$z)*cell_size/norm
#[1] 1