来自 NumPy 模块的向量和矩阵

Question

In python, how to write program that create two 4 * 4 matrices A and B whose elements are random numbers. Then create a matrix C that looks like

C = ⎡A B⎤
    ⎣B A⎦

Find the diagonal of the matrix C. The diagonal elements are to be presented in a 4 * 2 matrix.

import numpy as np

matrix_A = np.random.randint(10, size=(4, 4))
matrix_B = np.random.randint(10, size=(4, 4))

matrix_C = np.array([[matrix_A, matrix_B], [matrix_B, matrix_A]])
d= matrix_C.diagonal()
D=d.reshape(2,4)
print(f'This is matrix C:\n{matrix_C}')
print(f'These are the diagonals of Matrix C:\n{D}')

Answer 1

The construction

matrix_C = np.array([[matrix_A, matrix_B], [matrix_B, matrix_A]])

does not concatenate matrices, but creates 4th order tensor (put matrices inside matrix). You can check that by

print(matrix_C.shape)  # (2, 2, 4, 4)

To lay out blocks call np.block , then all other parts of your code should work fine:

matrix_C = np.block([[matrix_A, matrix_B], [matrix_B, matrix_A]])
print(matrix_C.shape)  # (8, 8)
d= matrix_C.diagonal()
D=d.reshape(2,4)  # np.array([matrix_A.diagonal(), matrix_A.diagonal()])