Pytransitions：我们如何在单个 state 机器中实现具有分层机器和异步机器功能的状态机？

Question

I want to build a stat machine such that it can posses features of both HierarchicalMachine and AsyncMachine. I tried this code but Hierarchical and Async are not working simultaneously.

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from transitions.extensions.markup import MarkupMachine
from transitions.extensions.factory import HierarchicalMachine
from transitions.extensions.asyncio import AsyncMachine
QUEUED = False

class Unhealthy(HierarchicalMachine, AsyncMachine):
    def __init__(self):
        states = [{"name":'aborted', "on_enter":[]},
                    {"name":'clearancetimeouterr', "on_enter":[]},
                    {"name":"awaitingclearanceerr", 'on_enter':[]},
                    {"name":"cleared", 'on_enter':[]}
                    ]
        transitions = [{"trigger":"abort", "source":"aborted", "dest":"awaitingclearanceerr"},
                        {"trigger":"awaitingclearanceerr", "source":"clearancetimeout", "dest":"awaitingclearanceerr"},
                        {"trigger":"cleared", "source":"awaitingclearanceerr", "dest":"cleared"}]
        super().__init__(states=states, transitions=transitions, initial="awaitingclearanceerr", queued=QUEUED)
        

class Healthy(HierarchicalMachine, AsyncMachine):
    def __init__(self):
        unhealthy = Unhealthy()
        states = [{"name":'idle', 'on_enter':[]},
                    {"name":"busy", 'on_enter':[]},
                    {"name":"done", 'on_enter':[]}]

        transitions = [{'trigger':'start', 'source':'idle', 'dest':'busy'},
                        {"trigger":"done", "source":"busy", "dest":"done"},
                        {"trigger":"idle", "source":"awaiting_clearance", "dest":"idle"}]
        super().__init__(states=states, transitions=transitions, initial="idle", queued=QUEUED)



class StateMachine(HierarchicalMachine, MarkupMachine, AsyncMachine):
    def __init__(self):
        unhealthy= Unhealthy()
        healthy = Healthy()
        states = [{'name':"idle"}, {"name":'healthy', 'children':healthy}, {"name":"unhealthy", "children":unhealthy}]
        super().__init__(states=states, initial="idle", queued=QUEUED)
        self.add_transition("start_machine", "idle", "healthy")
        self.add_transition('abort', 'healthy', 'unhealthy')

I want something like that but HierarchicalMachine and AsyncMachine are not working together. And giving the following error: I want something like that but HierarchicalMachine and AsyncMachine are not working together. And giving the following error: RuntimeError: AsyncMachine should not call Machine._process . Use Machine._process_async instead.'

Answer 1

The extensions section of transitions documentation mentions the following:

There are two mechanisms to retrieve a state machine instance with the desired features enabled. The first approach makes use of the convenience factory with the four parameters graph, nested, locked or asyncio set to True if the feature is required.

from transitions.extensions import MachineFactory

AsyncHSM = MachineFactory.get_predefined(nested=True, asyncio=True)

machine = AsyncHSM(states=['A', 'B'], ...)

class MyHSM(ASyncHSM):
   ...

This approach targets experimental use since in this case the underlying classes do not have to be known. However, classes can also be directly imported from transitions.extensions . The naming scheme is as follows:

	Diagrams	Nested	Locked	Asyncio
Machine	✘	✘	✘	✘
GraphMachine	✓	✘	✘	✘
HierarchicalMachine	✘	✓	✘	✘
LockedMachine	✘	✘	✓	✘
HierarchicalGraphMachine	✓	✓	✘	✘
LockedGraphMachine	✓	✘	✓	✘
LockedHierarchicalMachine	✘	✓	✓	✘
LockedHierarchicalGraphMachine	✓	✓	✓	✘
AsyncMachine	✘	✘	✘	✓
AsyncGraphMachine	✓	✘	✘	✓
HierarchicalAsyncMachine	✘	✓	✘	✓
HierarchicalAsyncGraphMachine	✓	✓	✘	✓

So I guess this is what you are looking for:

from transitions.extensions import HierarchicalAsyncMachine
# in case you want markup/graphviz support
from transitions.extensions import HierarchicalAsyncGraphMachine

In case you want to 'mix' your own machine class, have a look at factory.py to get an idea about how the subclasses are defined. Pay attention to the order of inheritance. Mixing this up might cause undesired effects.