如何在 Bash 脚本退出之前运行命令？

Question

If a Bash script has set -e , and a command in the script returns an error, how can I do some cleanup before the script exits?

For example:

#!/bin/bash
set -e
mkdir /tmp/foo
# ... do stuff ...
rm -r /tmp/foo

How can I ensure that /tmp/foo is removed, even if one of the commands in ... do stuff ... fails?

Answer 1

Here's an example of using trap:

#!/bin/bash -e

function cleanup {
  echo "Removing /tmp/foo"
  rm  -r /tmp/foo
}

trap cleanup EXIT
mkdir /tmp/foo
asdffdsa #Fails

Output:

dbrown@luxury:~ $ sh traptest
t: line 9: asdffdsa: command not found
Removing /tmp/foo
dbrown@luxury:~ $

Notice that even though the asdffdsa line failed, the cleanup still was executed.

Answer 2

From the bash manpage (concerning builtins):

trap [-lp] [[arg] sigspec ...]
The command arg is to be read and executed when the shell receives signal(s) sigspec.

So, as indicated in Anon.'s answer , call trap early in the script to set up the handler you desire on ERR.

Answer 3

From the reference for set :

-e

Exit immediately if a simple command (see section 3.2.1 Simple Commands) exits with a non-zero status, unless the command that fails is part of an until or while loop, part of an if statement, part of a && or || list, or if the command's return status is being inverted using !. A trap on ERR, if set, is executed before the shell exits.

(Emphasis mine).

Answer 4

sh version of devguydavid's answer .

#!/bin/sh
set -e
cleanup() {
  echo "Removing /tmp/foo"
  rm  -r /tmp/foo
}
trap cleanup EXIT
mkdir /tmp/foo
asdffdsa #Fails

ref: shellscript.sh

Answer 5

I don't know if it matters to you if it's before or after.

You can set a script to run immediately after closing with "trap". and then you can close the terminal.

For Example;

    trap  ./val.sh EXIT  #set command you want to run after close terminal 
    kill -9 $PPID        #kill current terminal