[英]Generic constraint on T to be reference type and value type simultaneously?
I have a problem with understanding how generic constraints work. 我对理解泛型约束如何工作有一个问题。 I think I am missing something important here.
我想我在这里缺少一些重要的东西。 I have enclosed my questions in the comments and would be grateful for providing some explanation.
我在评论中附上了我的问题,并希望提供一些解释。
//1st example:
class C <T, U>
where T : class
where U : struct, T
{
}
//Above code compiles well,
//On first sight it looks like U might be reference type and value type
//at the same time. The only reason I can think of, is that T may be an
//interface which struct can implement, Am I correct?
//2nd example
class CC<T, U>
where T : class, new ()
where U : struct, T
{
}
//I added also a reguirement for parameterless constructor
//and, much to my surprise, it still compiles what is
//a bit inexplicable for me.
//What 'U' would meet the requirement to be
//value type, reference type and have a contructor at the same time?
There's nothing wrong with that. 这没什么不对。 Let's look at the definition of the constraints on the type parameters :
让我们看一下类型参数约束的定义:
T : class
- The type argument T must be a reference type, including any class, interface, delegate, or array type. T : class
- 类型参数T必须是引用类型,包括任何类,接口,委托或数组类型。 U : struct
- The type argument U must be a value type. U : struct
- 类型参数U必须是值类型。 U : T
- The type argument U must be or derive from the class T. U : T
- 类型参数U必须是或来自类T. So all you need to do is find a value type that derives from a reference type. 所以你需要做的就是找到一个从引用类型派生的值类型。 At first that might sound impossible, but if you think a bit harder you will remember that all structs derive from the class
object
, so this works fine for both your examples: 起初可能听起来不可能,但如果你觉得有点困难,你会记得所有结构派生自类
object
,所以这适用于你的两个例子:
new C<object, int>();
However if you swap struct
and class
then it won't compile: 但是,如果你交换
struct
和class
那么它将无法编译:
// Error - Type parameter 'T' has the 'struct' constraint so 'T'
// cannot be used as a constraint for 'U'
class C<T, U>
where T : struct
where U : class, T
{
}
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