在 pyplot.contourf 上隐藏轮廓线以仅获取填充

Question

I have a pet project to create images of maps, where I draw the roads and other stuff over a contour plot of the terrain elevation. It is intended to plan mountain bike routes (I have made some vectorial drawings by hand, in the past, and they work great for visualization).

Currently, I download Digital Elevation Model, in GeoTIFF, from here: http://www.ecologia.ufrgs.br/labgeo/arquivos/downloads/dados/SRTM/geotiff/rs.rar

and then create the plot with GDAL and Matplotlib contourf function:

from osgeo import gdal
import matplotlib
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
from pylab import cm
import numpy

f = 'rs.tif'

elev = gdal.Open(f)

a = elev.GetRasterBand(1).ReadAsArray()

w = elev.RasterXSize
h = elev.RasterYSize
print w, h

altura  = (0.35, 0.42)
largura = (0.70, 0.82)

a = a[int(h*altura[0]):int(h*altura[1]),
      int(w*largura[0]):int(w*largura[1])]


cont = plt.contourf(a, origin='upper', cmap=cm.gist_earth, levels=numpy.arange(0,1000,20))
plt.title('Altitudes - max: %d m; min: %d m' % (numpy.amax(a), numpy.amin(a)))
plt.show()

Which gives:

The problem is that contour lines are "white", and generate some visual pollution, which is undesired since I want to plot roads and rivers later.

So, I am trying to modify the way contourf create these lighter lines, either via parameter setting, or via hack (changing source code), similar to the one proposed here:

How to format contour lines from Matplotlib

Also, if anyone knows how to generate such a map in a more elegant way, using other libraries, I would appreciate the tip very much!

Thanks for reading.

Answer 1

I finally found a proper solution to this long-standing problem (currently in Matplotlib 3), which does not require multiple calls to contour or rasterizing the figure.

Note that the problem illustrated in the question appears only in saved publication-quality figures formats like PDF, not in lower-quality raster files like PNG.

My solution was inspired by this answer, related to a similar problem with the colorbar. A similar solution turns out to solve the contour plot as well, as follows:

import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

np.random.seed(123)
x, y = np.random.uniform(size=(100, 2)).T
z = np.exp(-x**2 - y**2)
levels = np.linspace(0, 1, 100)

cnt = plt.tricontourf(x, y, z, levels=levels, cmap="ocean")

# This is the fix for the white lines between contour levels
for c in cnt.collections:
    c.set_edgecolor("face")

plt.savefig("test.pdf")    

Here below is an example of contours before the fix

And here below is the same figure after the above fix

Answer 2

The solution to the problem, despite not being a real solution, but more a workaround, is simple: Just repeat the same contourf command and this will magically get rid of spurious contours.

As stated by the OP, spurious contours show up when doing contour fill ( contourf ) with intervals too close to each other. We can reproduce this behavior by setting a very large number of intervals, eg:

plt.contourf(plon,plat,ssh,np.arange(-1,1.001,0.001)) # 2001 intervals

This gives us as output:

The thin spurious contours obviously affect the net color of the contour fill.

If you do the command twice:

plt.contourf(plon,plat,ssh,np.arange(-1,1.001,0.001)) # Not once,
plt.contourf(plon,plat,ssh,np.arange(-1,1.001,0.001)) # but twice!

gives me:

Much better now. Here's the finest one, with 3 successive contourf commands:

I can't see any thin contours anymore! Unfortunately, this may slow down your scripts significantly, depending on array size and number of contour intervals. The spurious contours stand out more if more contour intervals are used. What usually works best for me is to use 50 to 100 contour intervals, and do the contourf twice.

Notice that the version of matplotlib I am using is not the latest one. This issue might have been resolved in version 1.1.0 . If it has, please let me know.

Python 2.7.1 |EPD 7.0-2 (32-bit)| (r271:86832, Nov 29 2010, 13:52:51)
In [1]: matplotlib.__version__
Out[1]: '1.0.1'

Answer 3

The posted solution did not work for me with alpha set to <1, but I found the answer in this solution: Matplotlib Contourf Plots Unwanted Outlines when Alpha < 1

Adding the argument antialiased=True solved the issue for me.

Answer 4

Try adding the kw argrument to plt.contourf(...) call: either lw=0 or ls=None . http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/api/pyplot_api.html#matplotlib.pyplot.contourf