[英]Beginning DirectX 11 Game Programming Error
Here is the code that it gives me on page 33: 以下是它在第33页给出的代码:
#include<Windows.h>
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance,
LPWSTR cmdLine, int cmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( prevInstance );
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( cmdLine );
WNDCLASSEX wndClass = { 0 };
wndClass.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ) ;
wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );
wndClass.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndClass.lpszClassName = "DX11BookWindowClass";
if( !RegisterClassEx( &wndClass ) )
return -1;
RECT rc = { 0, 0, 640, 480 };
AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE );
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowA( "DX11BookWindowClass", "Blank Win32 Window",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.
left,
rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL );
if( !hwnd )
return -1;
ShowWindow( hwnd, cmdShow );
return 0;
}
This code gives me 2 errors- 这段代码给了我2个错误 -
1>------ Build started: Project: BlankWindow, Configuration: Debug Win32 ------ 1> main.cpp 1>c:\\coding\\c++\\visual c++\\directx\\blankwindow\\blankwindow\\main.cpp(10): error C2065: 'WndProc' : undeclared identifier 1>c:\\coding\\c++\\visual c++\\directx\\blankwindow\\blankwindow\\main.cpp(15): error C2440: '=' : cannot convert from 'const char [20]' to 'LPCWSTR' 1> Types pointed to are unrelated;
1> ------ Build build:Project:BlankWindow,Configuration:Debug Win32 ------ 1> main.cpp 1> c:\\ coding \\ c ++ \\ visual c ++ \\ directx \\ blankwindow \\ blankwindow \\ main。 cpp(10):错误C2065:'WndProc':未声明的标识符1> c:\\ coding \\ c ++ \\ visual c ++ \\ directx \\ blankwindow \\ blankwindow \\ main.cpp(15):错误C2440:'=':无法从'转换' const char [20]'到'LPCWSTR'1>指向的类型是不相关的; conversion requires reinterpret_cast, C-style cast or function-style cast ========== Build: 0 succeeded, 1 failed, 0 up-to-date, 0 skipped ==========
转换需要reinterpret_cast,C风格的转换或函数式转换==========构建:0成功,1失败,0最新,0跳过==========
Basically 基本上
'WndProc' : undeclared identifier And '=' : cannot convert from 'const char [20]' to 'LPCWSTR'
'WndProc':未声明的标识符'=':无法从'const char [20]'转换为'LPCWSTR'
What is wrong with this code? 这段代码有什么问题?
Here is a basic working program of your code: 这是您的代码的基本工作程序:
#include<Windows.h>
LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc(HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam)
{
switch (message)
{
case WM_CLOSE:
DestroyWindow(hwnd);
break;
case WM_DESTROY:
PostQuitMessage(0);
break;
default:
return DefWindowProc(hwnd,
message,
wParam,
lParam);
}
return 0;
}
int WINAPI wWinMain(HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE prevInstance,
LPSTR cmdLine, int cmdShow)
{
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( prevInstance );
UNREFERENCED_PARAMETER( cmdLine );
WNDCLASSEX wndClass = { 0 };
wndClass.cbSize = sizeof( WNDCLASSEX ) ;
wndClass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW;
wndClass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc;
wndClass.hInstance = hInstance;
wndClass.hCursor = LoadCursor( NULL, IDC_ARROW );
wndClass.hbrBackground = ( HBRUSH )( COLOR_WINDOW + 1 );
wndClass.lpszMenuName = NULL;
wndClass.lpszClassName = "DX11BookWindowClass";
if( !RegisterClassEx( &wndClass ) )
return -1;
RECT rc = { 0, 0, 640, 480 };
AdjustWindowRect( &rc, WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, FALSE );
HWND hwnd = CreateWindowA( L"DX11BookWindowClass", L"Blank Win32 Window",
WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, rc.right - rc.
left,
rc.bottom - rc.top, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL );
if( !hwnd )
return -1;
ShowWindow( hwnd, cmdShow );
MSG msg;
while (GetMessage (&msg, 0, 0, 0))
{
TranslateMessage (&msg);
DispatchMessage (&msg);
}
return msg.wParam;
}
Points: 要点:
I added a WndProc
which handles all messages sent to your program. 我添加了一个
WndProc
,它处理发送到您程序的所有消息。
I added a message loop to your program. 我在你的程序中添加了一个消息循环 。 Otherwise, the window would close right away.
否则,窗口会立即关闭。
I added the L
prefix as suggested by the_mandrill in the other answer. 我在另一个答案中添加了由the_mandrill建议的
L
前缀。
This is pretty much your "Hello World" of WinAPI programming. 这几乎是WinAPI编程的“Hello World”。 However, I strongly suggest you learn the WinAPI first before jumping into DirectX programming.
但是,我强烈建议您在进入DirectX编程之前先学习WinAPI。
The problem is that the project is being built as Unicode , but your code is non-Unicode. 问题是该项目是以Unicode身份构建的,但您的代码是非Unicode的。 In other words the Windows API calls are expecting wide (ie 16-bit) strings but your code uses 8-bit strings ('char').
换句话说,Windows API调用期望宽(即16位)字符串,但您的代码使用8位字符串('char')。
LPCWSTR
means long pointer to a constant wide string . LPCWSTR
表示指向常量宽字符串的长指针 。 So the function call is expecting a constant wide string, but you're passing an 8-bit string. 因此函数调用期望一个恒定的宽字符串,但是你传递一个8位字符串。 You have two options:
您有两种选择:
L
, eg L"DX11BookWindowClass"
L
前面添加前缀来实现此目的,例如L"DX11BookWindowClass"
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