I used Javascript in the command line client of MongoDB v2.2.4 to run the following regular expression backreferencing:
> /([AB])([AB])/("BA")
[ "BA", "B", "A" ]
I had thought I should get ["B","A"] but I got an extra element "BA" at the beginning of the array. I tried the same regular expression backreferencing in Python, the returning results is what I expected as follows:
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])','BA').groups()
('B', 'A')
So, may I say the result of the regular expression backreferencing from Javascript in MongoDB is wrong?
在JavaScript(以及许多其他Regex引擎)中,组0被视为整个输入,而匹配组从1开始。在Python的re模块中,组从0开始,因为整个字符串都是您的输入。
The MongoDB result includes the whole matched string, or group 0, as well as groups 1 and 2.
The Python .groups()
method only returns captured groups. The .group()
method would, without an argument, return group 0 too:
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])', 'BA').groups()
('B', 'A')
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])', 'BA').group()
'BA'
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])', 'BA').group(1)
'B'
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])', 'BA').group(2)
'A'
>>> re.search('([AB])([AB])', 'BA').group(0)
'BA'
This is documented in the re
module documentation :
Return a tuple containing all the subgroups of the match, from 1 up to however many groups are in the pattern.
and for the .group()
method:
Returns one or more subgroups of the match. If there is a single argument, the result is a single string; if there are multiple arguments, the result is a tuple with one item per argument. Without arguments, group1 defaults to zero (the whole match is returned).
Note that there are no back-references in your expression. A back-reference would look like this instead:
'([AB])\1'
where the \\1
refers to the capturing group just before it. The back-reference will only match the exact same characters that the referenced group matched.
Demo:
>>> re.search(r'([AB])\1', 'BA')
>>> re.search(r'([AB])\1', 'BB')
<_sre.SRE_Match object at 0x107098210>
Note how only BB
is matched, not BA
.
You can use named groups too:
'(?P<a_or_b>[AB])(?P=a_or_b)'
where a_or_b
is the group name.
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