How to get multiple parameters with same name from a URL in PHP

Question

I have a PHP application that will on occasion have to handle URLs where more than one parameter in the URL will have the same name. Is there an easy way to retrieve all the values for a given key? PHP $_GET returns only the last value.

To make this concrete, my application is an OpenURL resolver, and may get URL parameters like this:

ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004
&rft_id=info:oclcnum/1903126
&rft_id=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4323
&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book
&rft.genre=book
&rft.btitle=At last: a Christmas in the West Indies. 
&rft.place=London,
&rft.pub=Macmillan and co.,
&rft.aufirst=Charles
&rft.aulast=Kingsley
&rft.au=Kingsley, Charles,
&rft.pages=1-352
&rft.tpages=352
&rft.date=1871

(Yes, I know it's ugly, welcome to my world). Note that the key "rft_id" appears twice:

1. rft_id=info:oclcnum/1903126
2. rft_id=http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4323

$_GET will return just http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4323 , the earlier value ( info:oclcnum/1903126 ) having been overwritten.

I'd like to get access to both values. Is this possible in PHP? If not, any thoughts on how to handle this problem?

Answer 1

Something like:

$query  = explode('&', $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING']);
$params = array();

foreach( $query as $param )
{
  // prevent notice on explode() if $param has no '='
  if (strpos($param, '=') === false) $param += '=';

  list($name, $value) = explode('=', $param, 2);
  $params[urldecode($name)][] = urldecode($value);
}

gives you:

array(
  'ctx_ver'     => array('Z39.88-2004'),
  'rft_id'      => array('info:oclcnum/1903126', 'http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4323'),
  'rft_val_fmt' => array('info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book'),
  'rft.genre'   => array('book'),
  'rft.btitle'  => array('At last: a Christmas in the West Indies.'),
  'rft.place'   => array('London'),
  'rft.pub'     => array('Macmillan and co.'),
  'rft.aufirst' => array('Charles'),
  'rft.aulast'  => array('Kingsley'),
  'rft.au'      => array('Kingsley, Charles'),
  'rft.pages'   => array('1-352'),
  'rft.tpages'  => array('352'),
  'rft.date'    => array('1871')
)

Since it's always possible that one URL parameter is repeated, it's better to always have arrays, instead of only for those parameters where you anticipate them.

Answer 2

Won't work for you as it looks like you don't control the querystring, but another valid answer: Instead of parse querystring, you could appeand '[]' to the end of the name, then PHP will make an array of the items.

IE:

someurl.php?name[]=aaa&name[]=bbb

will give you a $_GET looking like:

array(0=>'aaa', 1=>'bbb')

Answer 3

I think you'd have to parse $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] manually.

Something like (untested):

$query = $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
$vars = array();
foreach (explode('&', $query) as $pair) {
    list($key, $value) = explode('=', $pair);
    $vars[] = array(urldecode($key), urldecode($value));
}

This should give you an array $vars :

array(
    array('ctx_ver'     => 'Z39.88-2004'),
    array('rft_id'      => 'info:oclcnum/1903126'),
    array('rft_id'      => 'http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/bibliography/4323'),
    array('rft_val_fmt' => 'info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:book'),
    array('rft.genre'   => 'book'),
    array('rft.btitle'  => 'At last: a Christmas in the West Indies.'),
    array('rft.place'   => 'London'),
    array('rft.pub'     => 'Macmillan and co.'),
    array('rft.aufirst' => 'Charles'),
    array('rft.aulast'  => 'Kingsley'),
    array('rft.au'      => 'Kingsley, Charles'),
    array('rft.pages'   => '1-352'),
    array('rft.tpages'  => '352'),
    array('rft.date'    => '1871')
)

---

After having seen Tomalak's answer, I like his data format for the resulting array much better, as it makes it possible to access specific keys by their name.

Answer 4

There's no need to use explode workarounds for this. A simple regex can more easily rectify a QUERY_STRING with multiple like-named parameters:

// Replace `&x=1&x=2` into `x[]=1&x[]=2`
$qs = preg_replace("/(?<=^|&)(\w+)(?==)/", "$1[]", $_SERVER["QUERY_STRING"]);

Then it's as simple as using parse_str :

parse_str($qs, $new_GET);

Which has the advantage of correctly decoding %xy URL escapes right away.

If you just want a single or a few specific parameters extracted as array, then use (id|name) instead of (\\w+) in the regex.

Answer 5

Assumed you have a query string like this:

param1=2549&appname=appName1&appname=appName2&appname=appName3&appname=appName4&appname=appName5&apptype=thetype&idsess=1231324567980147dzeze55sd4&action=myaction

You can do this :

public static function getMultipleParameters()
    {
        $query = $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'];
        $vars = array();
        $second = array();
        foreach (explode('&', $query) as $pair) {
            list($key, $value) = explode('=', $pair);
            if('' == trim($value)){
                continue;
            }

            if (array_key_exists($key, $vars)) {
                if (!array_key_exists($key, $second))
                    $second[$key][] .= $vars[$key];
                $second[$key][] = $value;
            } else {
                $vars[$key] = urldecode($value);
            }
        }
        return array_merge($vars, $second);
    }

That gives :

array (
  'param1' => '2549',
  'appname' => 
      array (
        0 => 'appName1',
        1 => 'appName2',
        2 => 'appName3',
        3 => 'appName4',
        4 => 'appName5',
  ),
  'apptype' => 'thetype',
  'idsess' => '1231324567980147dzeze55sd4',
  'action' => 'myaction',
);

Hope that helps ;)

Answer 6

Sharing my version of this function

function parse_mstr($query_string,&$query=array()){
    $query = $query? $query: array();
    $params  = explode('&', $query_string);
    foreach( $params as $param ){
        $k = $param;
        $v = '';
        if(strpos($param,'=')){
            list($name, $value) = explode('=', $param);
            $k = rawurldecode($name);
            $v = rawurldecode($value);
        }
        if(array_key_exists($k, $query)){
            if(is_array($query[$k])){
                $query[$k][] = $v;
            }else{
                $query[$k] = array($query[$k],$v);
            }
        }else{
            $query[$k] = $v;
        }
    }
}

// usage
parse_mstr('a=1&a=2&b=3', $arr);

// resulting array
$arr = [
    'a' => ['1', '2'],
    'b' => '3'
]

Answer 7

AFAIK there is no way to get duplicate values using $_GET as the second value will overwrite the first

To get around it you could access the raw querystring using $_SERVER['QUERY_STRING'] and then parse it yourself.