How to replace std::ptr_fun with std::function and std::ref

Question

I'm trying to learn the new features of C++11 and I have this code:

void print(int t, string separator)
{
    cout << t << separator;
}


int elements[] = { 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 40 };
string delim = " - ";

for_each(elements, elements + 7, bind2nd(ptr_fun(print), delim));

Output:

10 - 20 - 30 - 40 - 50 - 60 - 40 -

About ptr_fun, this site says:

This function and the related types are deprecated as of C++11 in favor of the more general and , both of which create callable adapter-compatible function objects from plain functions. 和 ，这两者都从普通函数创建可调用的适配器兼容函数对象。

Can someone rewrite the example above without ptr_fun and with the functions recomended for C++11?

Thank you

Answer 1

The most C++11 way would probably be to use a lambda (or a ranged for)

for_each(elements, elements + 7, [&delim](int val){ print(val, delim); });

demo

ranged for:

for(int x : elements)
    print(x, delim);

demo

You could use std::bind :

for_each(elements, elements + 7, bind(print, placeholders::_1, delim));

demo

But in this case, you could rewrite the whole thing as

copy(elements, elements + 7, ostream_iterator<int>(cout, delim.c_str()));

demo

---

If you absolutely want to use std::function , you can modify the above examples to do so:

for_each(elements, elements + 7, function<void(int)>([&delim](int val){ print(val, delim); }));

for_each(elements, elements + 7, function<void(int)>(bind(print, placeholders::_1, delim)));

It is pretty pointless unless you need type-erasure, though.

Answer 2

You do not use std::function here. It makes no sense.

std::function<...> is a type that many callable objects can be converted to . It makes sense to use this type for a variable or a function argument that should accept a callable object, especially when type erasure is desirable (eg when your function cannot be a template).

It does not make sense to create an std::function temporary and immediately pass it to a standard algorithm like std::for_each . Standard algorithms generally accept all kinds of callable objects, including any you could create std::function from . So std::function would be nothing but a redundant middleman.