Try installing the targeting pack directly from the command line
vs_installer.exe modify --installPath "D:\Program Files (x86)\Microsoft Visual Studio\2017\Professional" --Add Microsoft.Net.ComponentGroup.4.7.DeveloperTools --focusedUi
Or just download the targeting pack and install it manually.
Also I think you need to update your windows to get it built in. You are running version 1511, .NET 4.7 gets installed with the version 1703 update (aka "Creators Update") .
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