How to declare and initialize an array of pointers to array of pointers to char?

Question

I want to declare an array of pointers to array of pointers to char and initialize it. But i couldn't declare and initialize it using the following way:

char *(*array[])[] = {
  { "car", "toy", "game" },
  { "go", "play", "read" }
};

Please write the correct form of my declaration and initialization? I get warning messages like "warning: brace around scalar initializer" and also "note: (near initialization for 'array[0]' )"

Answer 1

Before C99, you had to define the inner arrays separately:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    const char *array_0[] = { "car", "toy", "game" };
    const char *array_1[] = { "go", "play", "read" };
    const char **array[] = { array_0, array_1 };
    int i, j;

    for (i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        for (j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            printf("%s ", array[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

With C99, you can now define and initialize the same object directly:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    const char **array[] = {
        (const char *[]){ "car", "toy", "game" },
        (const char *[]){ "go", "play", "read" },
    };

    for (int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; j < 3; j++) {
            printf("%s ", array[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Of course this is more flexible than a 2D matrix: each inner array can have a different size, as in:

#include <stdio.h>

int main() {
    const char **array[] = {
        (const char *[]){ "car", "toy", "game", NULL },
        (const char *[]){ "go", "play", NULL },
        (const char *[]){ "read", NULL },
        NULL,
    };

    for (int i = 0; array[i]; i++) {
        for (int j = 0; array[i][j]; j++) {
            printf("%s ", array[i][j]);
        }
        printf("\n");
    }
    return 0;
}

Output:

car toy game 
go play 
read

Note that I added the const keyword because string literals should not be modified, so pointers to them should be defined as const char * .

Answer 2

char *(*array[])[] = {
    &(char*[]){"car","toy","game" },
    &(char*[]){"go","play","read" }
};

compiles without a warning.

It's not nested arrays, it's an array of pointers ( & ) to arrays of char* (char*[]`) so I don't think you can do without either compound literals or separate array objects to make array pointers out of.

(Don't forget that assigning to char* from string literals is kind of a bad practice as string literals are practically, though not formally char const[] , so using char const* instead of char *` would be preferable.)