Controlling Contrast and Brightness of Video Stream in OpenCV and Python

Question

I'm using OpenCV3 and Python 3.7 to capture a live video stream from my webcam and I want to control the brightness and contrast. I cannot control the camera settings using OpenCV's cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS, float) and cap.set(cv2.CAP_PROP_BRIGHTNESS, int) commands so I want to apply the contrast and brightness after each frame is read. The Numpy array of each captured image is (480, 640, 3). The following code properly displays the video stream without any attempt to change the brightness or contrast.

import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)    
while(True):
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

I get a washed-out video stream when I use Numpy's clip() method to control the contrast and brightness, even when I set contrast = 1.0 (no change to contrast) and brightness = 0 (no change to brightness). Here is my attempt to control contrast and brightness.

import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while(True):
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    contrast = 1.0
    brightness = 0
    frame = np.clip(contrast * frame + brightness, 0, 255)
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

How can I control the contrast and brightness of a video stream using OpenCV?

Answer 1

I found the solution using the numpy.clip() method and @fmw42 provided a solution using the cv2.normalize() method. I like the cv2.normalize() solution slightly better because it normalizes the pixel values to 0-255 rather than clip them at 0 or 255. Both solutions are provided here.

The cv2.normalize() solution:

• Brightness - shift the alpha and beta values the same amount. Alpha can be negative and beta can be higher than 255. (If alpha >= 255, then the picture is white and if beta <= 0, then the picure is black.
• Contrast - Widen or shorten the gap between alpha and beta.

Here is the code:

import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)
while(True):
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    cv2.normalize(frame, frame, 0, 255, cv2.NORM_MINMAX)
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

The numpy.clip() solution:

This helped me solve the problem: How to fast change image brightness with python + OpenCV? . I need to:

1. Convert Red-Green Blue (RGB) to Hue-Saturation-Value (HSV) first (“Value” is the same as “Brightness”)
2. “Slice” the Numpy array to the Value portion of the Numpy array and adjust brightness and contrast on that slice
3. Convert back from HSV to RGB.

Here is the working solution. Vary the contrast and brightness values. numpy.clip() ensures that all the pixel values remain between 0 and 255 in each on the channels (R, G, and B).

import numpy as np
import cv2

cap = cv2.VideoCapture(0)

while(True):
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_BGR2HSV)
    contrast = 1.25
    brightness = 50
    frame[:,:,2] = np.clip(contrast * frame[:,:,2] + brightness, 0, 255)
    frame = cv2.cvtColor(frame, cv2.COLOR_HSV2BGR)
    cv2.imshow('frame',frame)
    if cv2.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord('q'):
        break
# When everything done, release the capture
cap.release()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()

Answer 2

import cv2 as cv

cap = cv.VideoCapture(0)

while True:
    # Capture frame-by-frame
    ret, frame = cap.read()
    # normalize the frame
    frame = cv.normalize(
        frame, None, alpha=0, beta=255, norm_type=cv.NORM_MINMAX, dtype=cv.CV_8UC1
    )
    # Display the resulting frame
    cv.imshow("frame", frame)
    # press q to quit
    if cv.waitKey(1) & 0xFF == ord("q"):
        break