Android : getting error in FragmentTransaction , beginTransaction method

Question

I have learning about Fragment, when i try to change Fragment via clicks Button , and App is Force Stopped, its gives error like this

Error message in Logcat :

  E/AndroidRuntime: FATAL EXCEPTION: main
    Process: mb.ganesh.fragment_practices, PID: 10451
    java.lang.IllegalStateException: Could not execute method for android:onClick
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:402)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:6597)
        at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:6574)
        at android.view.View.access$3100(View.java:778)
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:25885)
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873)
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99)
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193)
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493)
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858)
     Caused by: java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method)
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:397)
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:6597) 
        at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:6574) 
        at android.view.View.access$3100(View.java:778) 
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:25885) 
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873) 
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669) 
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493) 
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858) 
     Caused by: java.lang.NullPointerException: Attempt to invoke virtual method 'androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager.beginTransaction()' on a null object reference
        at mb.ganesh.fragment_practices.MainActivity.changeFragemnet(MainActivity.java:29)
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatViewInflater$DeclaredOnClickListener.onClick(AppCompatViewInflater.java:397) 
        at android.view.View.performClick(View.java:6597) 
        at android.view.View.performClickInternal(View.java:6574) 
        at android.view.View.access$3100(View.java:778) 
        at android.view.View$PerformClick.run(View.java:25885) 
        at android.os.Handler.handleCallback(Handler.java:873) 
        at android.os.Handler.dispatchMessage(Handler.java:99) 
        at android.os.Looper.loop(Looper.java:193) 
        at android.app.ActivityThread.main(ActivityThread.java:6669) 
        at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Native Method) 
        at com.android.internal.os.RuntimeInit$MethodAndArgsCaller.run(RuntimeInit.java:493) 
        at com.android.internal.os.ZygoteInit.main(ZygoteInit.java:858) 

Actually i want to change Fragment via click Buttons , any Devs please fix this problem.

MainActivity:

package mb.ganesh.fragment_practices;
import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity;
import androidx.fragment.app.Fragment;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentManager;
import androidx.fragment.app.FragmentTransaction;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.view.View;
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
    }
    public void changeFragemnet(View view){
        Fragment fragment;
        if (view == findViewById(R.id.b1)){
            fragment = new FragmentOne();
            FragmentManager fm = fragment.getFragmentManager();
            FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();
             ft.replace(R.id.firstFM , fragment);
            ft.commit();
        }
    }
}

The above code has one warning at FragmentTransaction ft = fm.beginTransaction();

activity_xml:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
    xmlns:tools="http://schemas.android.com/tools"
    android:layout_width="match_parent"
    android:layout_height="match_parent"
    android:orientation="vertical"
    tools:context=".MainActivity">
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/b1"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:onClick="changeFragemnet"
        android:padding="20dp"
        android:text="@string/fragment_1" />
    <fragment
        android:id="@+id/firstFM"
        android:name="mb.ganesh.fragment_practices.FragmentOne"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="0px"
        android:layout_weight="1" />
    <Button
        android:id="@+id/b2"
        android:layout_width="match_parent"
        android:layout_height="wrap_content"
        android:layout_margin="20dp"
        android:onClick="changeFragemnet"
        android:text="@string/fragment_2" />
</LinearLayout>

Answer 1

In MainActivity the line:

FragmentManager fm = fragment.getFragmentManager();

Should be:

FragmentManager fm = getSupportFragmentManager();

Return the FragmentManager for interacting with fragments associated with this activity.

As you can read in the docs

Return the FragmentManager for interacting with fragments associated with this fragment's activity. Note that this will be non-null slightly before getActivity() , during the time from when the fragment is placed in a FragmentTransaction until it is committed and attached to its activity.

And is returning null for the just created Fragment.