AWS CloudFormation User Data \; and new lines (JSON)
Question
I am trying to create a CloudFormation EC2 deployment where a webserver is automatically deployed. My current setup is as follows:
{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion" : "2010-09-09",
"Description" : "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template EC2InstanceWithSecurityGroupSample: Create an Amazon EC2 instance running the Amazon Linux AMI. The AMI is chosen based on the region in which the stack is run. This example creates an EC2 security group for the instance to give you SSH access. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",
"Parameters" : {
"KeyName": {
"Description" : "Name of an existing EC2 KeyPair to enable SSH access to the instance",
"Type": "AWS::EC2::KeyPair::KeyName",
"ConstraintDescription" : "must be the name of an existing EC2 KeyPair."
},
"InstanceType" : {
"Description" : "WebServer EC2 instance type",
"Type" : "String",
"Default" : "t2.micro",
"AllowedValues" : [ "t1.micro", "t2.nano", "t2.micro"]
,
"ConstraintDescription" : "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
},
"SSHLocation" : {
"Description" : "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "9",
"MaxLength": "18",
"Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
"AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
"ConstraintDescription": "must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
}
},
"Mappings" : {
"AWSInstanceType2Arch" : {
"t2.micro" : { "Arch" : "HVM64" }
},
"AWSInstanceType2NATArch" : {
"t1.micro" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.nano" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" },
"t2.micro" : { "Arch" : "NATHVM64" }
}
,
"AWSRegionArch2AMI" : {
"us-east-1" : {"HVM64" : "ami-0080e4c5bc078760e", "HVMG2" : "ami-0aeb704d503081ea6"},
"us-west-2" : {"HVM64" : "ami-01e24be29428c15b2", "HVMG2" : "ami-0fe84a5b4563d8f27"},
"us-west-1" : {"HVM64" : "ami-0ec6517f6edbf8044", "HVMG2" : "ami-0a7fc72dc0e51aa77"},
"eu-west-1" : {"HVM64" : "ami-08935252a36e25f85", "HVMG2" : "ami-0d5299b1c6112c3c7"},
"eu-west-2" : {"HVM64" : "ami-01419b804382064e4", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"eu-west-3" : {"HVM64" : "ami-0dd7e7ed60da8fb83", "HVMG2" : "NOT_SUPPORTED"},
"eu-central-1" : {"HVM64" : "ami-0cfbf4f6db41068ac", "HVMG2" : "ami-0aa1822e3eb913a11"},
"eu-north-1" : {"HVM64" : "ami-86fe70f8", "HVMG2" : "ami-32d55b4c"}
}
},
"Resources" : {
"EC2Instance" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Metadata" : {
"AWS::CloudFormation::Init" : {
"configSets" : {
"Install" : [ "Install" ]
},
"Install" : {
"packages" : {
"yum": {"httpd":[], "php":[], "mysql-server":[], "php-mysql":[]}
},
"sources" : {
},
"files" : {
},
"commands" : {
},
"services" : {
"sysvinit" : {"mysqld" :
{ "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" },
"httpd" : { "enabled" : "true", "ensureRunning" : "true" }}
}
}
}
},
"Properties" : {
"Tags" : [{"Key" : "StudentID", "Value" : "something"},
{"Key" : "StudentName", "Value" : "someone"}],
"InstanceType" : { "Ref" : "InstanceType" },
"SecurityGroups" : [ { "Ref" : "WebServerSG" } ],
"KeyName" : { "Ref" : "KeyName" },
"ImageId" : "ami-01d025118d8e760db",
"UserData": {"Fn::Base64":{"Fn::Join":["", [
"#!/bin/bash",
"yum update -y",
"yum install -y httpd24 php70 mysql56-server php70-mysqlnd",
"service httpd start",
"chkconfig httpd on",
"usermod -a -G apache ec2-user",
"chown -R ec2-user:apache /var/www",
"chmod 2775 /var/www",
"find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} +",
"find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {} +",
"echo '<?php echo '<h2>Welcome to COS80001. Installed PHP version: ' . phpversion() . '</h2>'; ?>' > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php"
]]}}
}
},
"WebServerSG" : {
"Type" : "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
"Properties" : {
"GroupDescription" : "Web DMZ",
"SecurityGroupIngress" : [
{
"IpProtocol" : "tcp",
"FromPort" : "22",
"ToPort" : "22",
"CidrIp" : { "Ref" : "SSHLocation"}
},
{
"IpProtocol" : "tcp",
"FromPort" : "80",
"ToPort" : "80",
"CidrIp" : { "Ref" : "SSHLocation"}
},
{
"IpProtocol" : "tcp",
"FromPort" : "443",
"ToPort" : "443",
"CidrIp" : { "Ref" : "SSHLocation"}
}
],
"Tags" : [{"Key" : "StudentID", "Value" : "something"},
{"Key" : "StudentName", "Value" : "someone"}
]
}
}
},
"Outputs" : {
"InstanceId" : {
"Description" : "InstanceId of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Ref" : "EC2Instance" }
},
"AZ" : {
"Description" : "Availability Zone of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "EC2Instance", "AvailabilityZone" ] }
},
"PublicDNS" : {
"Description" : "Public DNSName of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "EC2Instance", "PublicDnsName" ] }
},
"PublicIP" : {
"Description" : "Public IP address of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value" : { "Fn::GetAtt" : [ "EC2Instance", "PublicIp" ] }
}
}
}
My end goal is to have the following bash script implemented
#!/bin/bash
yum update -y
yum install -y httpd24 php70 mysql56-server php70-mysqlnd
service httpd start
chkconfig httpd on
usermod -a -G apache ec2-user
chown -R ec2-user:apache /var/www
chmod 2775 /var/www
find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} \;
find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {} \;
echo "<?php echo '<h2>Welcome to COS80001. Installed PHP version: ' .
phpversion() . '</h2>'; ?>" > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php
I have a few issues with concatenating the default webpage. I am confused on how to implement having 3 embedded apostrophes. I am also confused about the find \;as the JSON file is not happy with its use.
2 answers
solution1
3 ACCPTED 2020-05-26 03:01:51
Template fixed . I removed AWS::CloudFormation::Init . I don't see point in this in your use case. I modified its keys, ami and parameters section, so you have to adjust them back to what you had originally. The UserData works and the phpinfo.php is correclty deployed.
{
"AWSTemplateFormatVersion": "2010-09-09",
"Description": "AWS CloudFormation Sample Template EC2InstanceWithSecurityGroupSample: Create an Amazon EC2 instance running the Amazon Linux AMI. The AMI is chosen based on the region in which the stack is run. This example creates an EC2 security group for the instance to give you SSH access. **WARNING** This template creates an Amazon EC2 instance. You will be billed for the AWS resources used if you create a stack from this template.",
"Parameters": {
"InstanceType": {
"Description": "WebServer EC2 instance type",
"Type": "String",
"Default": "t2.micro",
"AllowedValues": ["t1.micro", "t2.nano", "t2.micro"],
"ConstraintDescription": "must be a valid EC2 instance type."
},
"SSHLocation": {
"Description": "The IP address range that can be used to SSH to the EC2 instances",
"Type": "String",
"MinLength": "9",
"MaxLength": "18",
"Default": "0.0.0.0/0",
"AllowedPattern": "(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})\\.(\\d{1,3})/(\\d{1,2})",
"ConstraintDescription": "must be a valid IP CIDR range of the form x.x.x.x/x."
}
},
"Mappings": {
"AWSInstanceType2Arch": {
"t2.micro": {
"Arch": "HVM64"
}
},
"AWSInstanceType2NATArch": {
"t1.micro": {
"Arch": "NATHVM64"
},
"t2.nano": {
"Arch": "NATHVM64"
},
"t2.micro": {
"Arch": "NATHVM64"
}
},
"AWSRegionArch2AMI": {
"us-east-1": {
"HVM64": "ami-0080e4c5bc078760e",
"HVMG2": "ami-0aeb704d503081ea6"
},
"us-west-2": {
"HVM64": "ami-01e24be29428c15b2",
"HVMG2": "ami-0fe84a5b4563d8f27"
},
"us-west-1": {
"HVM64": "ami-0ec6517f6edbf8044",
"HVMG2": "ami-0a7fc72dc0e51aa77"
},
"eu-west-1": {
"HVM64": "ami-08935252a36e25f85",
"HVMG2": "ami-0d5299b1c6112c3c7"
},
"eu-west-2": {
"HVM64": "ami-01419b804382064e4",
"HVMG2": "NOT_SUPPORTED"
},
"eu-west-3": {
"HVM64": "ami-0dd7e7ed60da8fb83",
"HVMG2": "NOT_SUPPORTED"
},
"eu-central-1": {
"HVM64": "ami-0cfbf4f6db41068ac",
"HVMG2": "ami-0aa1822e3eb913a11"
},
"eu-north-1": {
"HVM64": "ami-86fe70f8",
"HVMG2": "ami-32d55b4c"
}
}
},
"Resources": {
"EC2Instance": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::Instance",
"Properties": {
"Tags": [{
"Key": "StudentID",
"Value": "something"
},
{
"Key": "StudentName",
"Value": "someone"
}
],
"InstanceType": "t2.micro",
"SecurityGroups": [{
"Ref": "WebServerSG"
}],
"KeyName": "MyKeyPair",
"ImageId": "ami-0323c3dd2da7fb37d",
"UserData": {
"Fn::Base64": {
"Fn::Join": ["", [
"#!/bin/bash -ex\n",
"yum update -y\n",
"yum install -y httpd php mysql-server php-mysqlnd\n",
"systemctl enable httpd\n",
"systemctl start httpd\n",
"usermod -a -G apache ec2-user\n",
"chown -R ec2-user:apache /var/www\n",
"chmod 2775 /var/www\n",
"find /var/www -type d -exec sudo chmod 2775 {} \\;\n",
"find /var/www -type f -exec sudo chmod 0664 {} \\;\n",
"echo \"<?php echo '<h2>Welcome to COS80001. Installed PHP version: ' . phpversion() . '</h2>'; ?>\" > /var/www/html/phpinfo.php\n"
]]
}
}
}
},
"WebServerSG": {
"Type": "AWS::EC2::SecurityGroup",
"Properties": {
"GroupDescription": "Web DMZ",
"SecurityGroupIngress": [{
"IpProtocol": "tcp",
"FromPort": "22",
"ToPort": "22",
"CidrIp": {
"Ref": "SSHLocation"
}
},
{
"IpProtocol": "tcp",
"FromPort": "80",
"ToPort": "80",
"CidrIp": {
"Ref": "SSHLocation"
}
},
{
"IpProtocol": "tcp",
"FromPort": "443",
"ToPort": "443",
"CidrIp": {
"Ref": "SSHLocation"
}
}
],
"Tags": [{
"Key": "StudentID",
"Value": "something"
},
{
"Key": "StudentName",
"Value": "someone"
}
]
}
}
},
"Outputs": {
"InstanceId": {
"Description": "InstanceId of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value": {
"Ref": "EC2Instance"
}
},
"AZ": {
"Description": "Availability Zone of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value": {
"Fn::GetAtt": ["EC2Instance", "AvailabilityZone"]
}
},
"PublicDNS": {
"Description": "Public DNSName of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value": {
"Fn::GetAtt": ["EC2Instance", "PublicDnsName"]
}
},
"PublicIP": {
"Description": "Public IP address of the newly created EC2 instance",
"Value": {
"Fn::GetAtt": ["EC2Instance", "PublicIp"]
}
}
}
}
solution2
2 2020-05-26 07:40:56
What I've learned pretty early working with CloudFormation templates:
- Switch to YAML
- Use block scalar style keeping newlines for UserData and other multiline text content.
My typical UserData :
UserData:
- !Base64
'Fn::Sub': |
Content-Type: multipart/mixed; boundary="==BOUNDARY=="
MIME-Version: 1.0
--==BOUNDARY==
Content-Type: text/x-shellscript; charset="us-ascii"
#!/bin/bash
# Set any ECS agent configuration options
cat <<'EOF' >> /etc/ecs/ecs.config
ECS_CLUSTER=${AnonymisierungCluster}
ECS_ENGINE_TASK_CLEANUP_WAIT_DURATION=15m
EOF
--==BOUNDARY==--
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