I'm a beginner and i'm trying to make paint with python turtle but my code gives an error. I've tried everything I could think of but it still isn't working.
from turtle import *
from menuitem import MenuItem
def changePenColor(c):
"""Changes the system turtle's color to c."""
color(c)
def createMenu(callBack):
"""Displays 6 menu items to respond to the given callback function."""
x = - (window_width() / 2) + 30
y = 100
colors = ('red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'black', 'purple')
shape = "circle"
for color in colors:
MenuItem(x, y, shape, color, callBack)
y -= 30
def main():
"""Creates a menu for selecting colors."""
reset()
shape("turtle")
createMenu(color)
return "done!"
if __name__=='__main__':
msg = main()
print(msg)
mainloop()
And this code in a different file:
from turtle import Turtle
class MenuItem(Turtle):
"""Represents a menu item."""
def __init__(self, x, y, shape, color, callBack):
"""Sets the initial state of a menu item."""
Turtle.__init__(x, y, self, shape = shape, visible = False)
self.speed(0)
self.up()
self.goto(x, y)
self.color(color, color)
self._callBack=callBack
self.onclick(lambda x,y: self._callBack(color))
self.showturtle()
If anyone knows what I can do to fix this, I'd be happy to know. Thanks 😊
In your first line of the __init__
function on your MenuItem
class, use this
super().__init__(shape=shape, visible=False)
instead of
Turtle.__init__(x, y, self, shape = shape, visible = False)
You don't need to pass in x
, y
, or self
, because you are already setting the position by saying self.goto(x, y)
. Also, use super()
instead of Turtle
, because you need to initialize the superclass, not just another instance of Turtle
. By saying Turtle.__init__(...)
you are creating an instance of that object and doing nothing with it. By saying super().__init__(...)
, you are initializing the superclass of your object, which is what you always need to do when you are subclassing an object (in this case Turtle
).
Note: your __init__
function needs to be indented, but I'll assume that was a pasting error.
Your code is somewhat confused. Specifically:
from turtle import *
Just don't. Particularly in a module. Import as little as you need to get the job done.
createMenu(color)
This should be createMenu(changePenColor)
and changePenColor()
should be defined in the main module, not the MenuItem class module.
Turtle.__init__(x, y, self, shape = shape, visible = False)
first three arguments to __init__
shouldn't be there and you should use super
, all as @Evan notes.
reset()
self._callBack=callBack
These two statments are effectively no-ops and can be left out.
Below is my rework of your code that I believe does what you're attempting to do. For example purposes, instead of the main module, I just used a if __name__ == '__main__':
for testing:
from turtle import Screen, Turtle
COLORS = ('red', 'green', 'blue', 'yellow', 'black', 'purple')
CURSOR_SIZE = 20
class MenuItem(Turtle):
''' Represents a menu item. '''
def __init__(self, x, y, shape, color, callBack):
''' Sets the initial state of a menu item '''
super().__init__(shape=shape, visible=False)
self.penup()
self.goto(x, y)
self.color(color)
self.onclick(lambda x, y: callBack(color))
self.showturtle()
def createMenu(callBack):
''' Displays 6 menu items to respond to the given callback function. '''
screen = Screen()
x = CURSOR_SIZE * 1.5 - screen.window_width() / 2
y = 100
for color in COLORS:
MenuItem(x, y, 'circle', color, callBack)
y -= CURSOR_SIZE * 1.5
if __name__ == '__main__':
from turtle import getscreen, getturtle
def changePenColor(c):
''' Changes the turtle's color to c. '''
turtle.color(c)
screen = getscreen() # singular screen instance
turtle = getturtle() # default turtle
turtle.shape('turtle')
# Create a menu for selecting colors.
createMenu(changePenColor)
screen.mainloop()
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