Convert image contours to polar coordinates

Question

I'm trying to categorize the type of jigsaw puzzle pieces (number of heads, if it is a border or a corner...) by analyzing their contours.

The approach I'm trying to follow is analyzing this type of plot (from this paper) that "unwinds" the cartesian coordinates of the contours of the puzzle piece by converting it to polar coordinates; however I'm not able to replicate it.

I've tried with:

import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt

def cart2pol(x, y):
    rho = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
    phi = np.arctan2(y, x)
    return(rho, phi)

# load image and find contours
img = cv2.imread("example.png", cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

# get contour points in polar coordinates
rhos = []
for i in range(len(contours[0])):
    x, y = contours[0][i][0]
    rho, _ = cart2pol(x, y)
    rhos.append(rho)

plt.show()
plt.plot(rhos)

but that produces a different plot, like this:

from this image:

Trying this on other images I can see how the peaks and valleys correspond to heads and holes of the pieces, but I would like a plot (not properly a function from what I see) like the one above. Can you help me to get that?

Answer 1

Find the center of the tile:

M = cv2.moments(contours[0])
cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])

Calculate the vectors from the center to the points on the contour and convert the vectors to polar coordinates:

ds, phis = [], []
for i in range(len(contours[0])):
    x, y = contours[0][i][0]
    d, rho = cart2pol(x-cx, y-cy)
    ds.append(d)
    phis.append(rho)

Plot the polar coordinates with angle on the x-axis and distance on the y-axis:

plt.plot(phis, ds)

---

Complete example:

import os
os.chdir(os.path.abspath(os.path.dirname(__file__)))
import cv2
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np

def cart2pol(x, y):
    rho = np.sqrt(x**2 + y**2)
    phi = np.arctan2(y, x)
    return (rho, phi)

img = cv2.imread('opencv_so_9_example.png', cv2.IMREAD_GRAYSCALE)
contours, _ = cv2.findContours(img, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE)

M = cv2.moments(contours[0])
cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"])

polar = [cart2pol(c[0][0] - cx, c[0][1] - cy) for c in contours[0][:]]
max_i = polar.index(max(polar, key = lambda x: x[1]))
polar = polar[max_i:] + polar[:max_i]
ds, phis = zip(*polar)

plt.gcf().set_size_inches(6, 3)     
plt.plot(phis, ds)
plt.show()

Answer 2

One can also do this with the binary image and warpPolar in Python/OpenCV.

Input:

import cv2
import numpy as np
import math

# read image
img = cv2.imread('puzzle.png')
ht, wd = img.shape[:2]

# convert to grayscale
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)

# threshold
thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 0, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY+cv2.THRESH_OTSU)[1]

 # get non-zero points (i.e. white)
points = np.column_stack(np.where(thresh.transpose() > 0))

# get centroid
M = cv2.moments(points)
cx = int(M["m10"] / M["m00"])
cy = int(M["m01"] / M["m00"]) 

# compute maxradius = furthest corner - center
maxrad = math.sqrt( (wd-cx)*(wd-cx) + (ht-cy)*(ht-cy) )

# convert to polar image relative to centroid
polar1 = cv2.warpPolar(thresh, (ht,wd), (cx,cy), maxrad, cv2.INTER_CUBIC+cv2.WARP_POLAR_LINEAR+cv2.WARP_FILL_OUTLIERS)

# rotate 270 clocwise
polar2 = cv2.rotate(polar1, cv2.ROTATE_90_COUNTERCLOCKWISE)
ht, wd = polar2.shape[:2]

# save image
cv2.imwrite('puzzle_polar1.png',polar1)
cv2.imwrite('puzzle_polar2.png',polar2)

# show the images
cv2.imshow("polar1", polar1)
cv2.imshow("polar2", polar2)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()