Let's say I have this enum:
[Flags]
enum Letters
{
A = 1,
B = 2,
C = 4,
AB = A | B,
All = A | B | C,
}
To check if for example AB
is set I can do this:
if((letter & Letters.AB) == Letters.AB)
Is there a simpler way to check if any of the flags of a combined flag constant are set than the following?
if((letter & Letters.A) == Letters.A || (letter & Letters.B) == Letters.B)
Could one for example swap the &
with something?
In .NET 4 you can use the Enum.HasFlag method :
using System;
[Flags] public enum Pet {
None = 0,
Dog = 1,
Cat = 2,
Bird = 4,
Rabbit = 8,
Other = 16
}
public class Example
{
public static void Main()
{
// Define three families: one without pets, one with dog + cat and one with a dog only
Pet[] petsInFamilies = { Pet.None, Pet.Dog | Pet.Cat, Pet.Dog };
int familiesWithoutPets = 0;
int familiesWithDog = 0;
foreach (Pet petsInFamily in petsInFamilies)
{
// Count families that have no pets.
if (petsInFamily.Equals(Pet.None))
familiesWithoutPets++;
// Of families with pets, count families that have a dog.
else if (petsInFamily.HasFlag(Pet.Dog))
familiesWithDog++;
}
Console.WriteLine("{0} of {1} families in the sample have no pets.",
familiesWithoutPets, petsInFamilies.Length);
Console.WriteLine("{0} of {1} families in the sample have a dog.",
familiesWithDog, petsInFamilies.Length);
}
}
The example displays the following output:
// 1 of 3 families in the sample have no pets.
// 2 of 3 families in the sample have a dog.
If you want to know if letter has any of the letters in AB you must use the AND &
operator. Something like:
if ((letter & Letters.AB) != 0)
{
// Some flag (A,B or both) is enabled
}
else
{
// None of them are enabled
}
I use extension methods to write things like that :
if (letter.IsFlagSet(Letter.AB))
...
Here's the code :
public static class EnumExtensions
{
private static void CheckIsEnum<T>(bool withFlags)
{
if (!typeof(T).IsEnum)
throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Type '{0}' is not an enum", typeof(T).FullName));
if (withFlags && !Attribute.IsDefined(typeof(T), typeof(FlagsAttribute)))
throw new ArgumentException(string.Format("Type '{0}' doesn't have the 'Flags' attribute", typeof(T).FullName));
}
public static bool IsFlagSet<T>(this T value, T flag) where T : struct
{
CheckIsEnum<T>(true);
long lValue = Convert.ToInt64(value);
long lFlag = Convert.ToInt64(flag);
return (lValue & lFlag) != 0;
}
public static IEnumerable<T> GetFlags<T>(this T value) where T : struct
{
CheckIsEnum<T>(true);
foreach (T flag in Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)).Cast<T>())
{
if (value.IsFlagSet(flag))
yield return flag;
}
}
public static T SetFlags<T>(this T value, T flags, bool on) where T : struct
{
CheckIsEnum<T>(true);
long lValue = Convert.ToInt64(value);
long lFlag = Convert.ToInt64(flags);
if (on)
{
lValue |= lFlag;
}
else
{
lValue &= (~lFlag);
}
return (T)Enum.ToObject(typeof(T), lValue);
}
public static T SetFlags<T>(this T value, T flags) where T : struct
{
return value.SetFlags(flags, true);
}
public static T ClearFlags<T>(this T value, T flags) where T : struct
{
return value.SetFlags(flags, false);
}
public static T CombineFlags<T>(this IEnumerable<T> flags) where T : struct
{
CheckIsEnum<T>(true);
long lValue = 0;
foreach (T flag in flags)
{
long lFlag = Convert.ToInt64(flag);
lValue |= lFlag;
}
return (T)Enum.ToObject(typeof(T), lValue);
}
public static string GetDescription<T>(this T value) where T : struct
{
CheckIsEnum<T>(false);
string name = Enum.GetName(typeof(T), value);
if (name != null)
{
FieldInfo field = typeof(T).GetField(name);
if (field != null)
{
DescriptionAttribute attr = Attribute.GetCustomAttribute(field, typeof(DescriptionAttribute)) as DescriptionAttribute;
if (attr != null)
{
return attr.Description;
}
}
}
return null;
}
}
There is HasFlag method in .NET 4 or higher.
if(letter.HasFlag(Letters.AB))
{
}
If you can use .NET 4 or higher than use HasFlag() method
examples
letter.HasFlag(Letters.A | Letters.B) // both A and B must be set
same as
letter.HasFlag(Letters.AB)
If it really annoys you, you can write a function like that:
public bool IsSet(Letters value, Letters flag)
{
return (value & flag) == flag;
}
if (IsSet(letter, Letters.A))
{
// ...
}
// If you want to check if BOTH Letters.A and Letters.B are set:
if (IsSet(letter, Letters.A & Letters.B))
{
// ...
}
// If you want an OR, I'm afraid you will have to be more verbose:
if (IsSet(letter, Letters.A) || IsSet(letter, Letters.B))
{
// ...
}
To check if for example AB is set I can do this:
if((letter & Letters.AB) == Letters.AB)
Is there a simpler way to check if any of the flags of a combined flag constant are set than the following?
This checks that both A and B are set, and ignores whether any other flags are set.
if((letter & Letters.A) == Letters.A || (letter & Letters.B) == Letters.B)
This checks that either A or B is set, and ignores whether any other flags are set or not.
This can be simplified to:
if(letter & Letters.AB)
Here's the C for binary operations; it should be straightforward to apply this to C#:
enum {
A = 1,
B = 2,
C = 4,
AB = A | B,
All = AB | C,
};
int flags = A|C;
bool anything_and_a = flags & A;
bool only_a = (flags == A);
bool a_and_or_c_and_anything_else = flags & (A|C);
bool both_ac_and_anything_else = (flags & (A|C)) == (A|C);
bool only_a_and_c = (flags == (A|C));
Incidentally, the naming of the variable in the question's example is the singular 'letter', which might imply that it represents only a single letter; the example code makes it clear that its a set of possible letters and that multiple values are allowed, so consider renaming the variable 'letters'.
I created a simple extension method that does not need a check on Enum
types:
public static bool HasAnyFlag(this Enum value, Enum flags)
{
return
value != null && ((Convert.ToInt32(value) & Convert.ToInt32(flags)) != 0);
}
It also works on nullable enums. The standard HasFlag
method does not, so I created an extension to cover that too.
public static bool HasFlag(this Enum value, Enum flags)
{
int f = Convert.ToInt32(flags);
return
value != null && ((Convert.ToInt32(value) & f) == f);
}
A simple test:
[Flags]
enum Option
{
None = 0x00,
One = 0x01,
Two = 0x02,
Three = One | Two,
Four = 0x04
}
[TestMethod]
public void HasAnyFlag()
{
Option o1 = Option.One;
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasAnyFlag(Option.Three));
Assert.AreEqual(false, o1.HasFlag(Option.Three));
o1 |= Option.Two;
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasAnyFlag(Option.Three));
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasFlag(Option.Three));
}
[TestMethod]
public void HasAnyFlag_NullableEnum()
{
Option? o1 = Option.One;
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasAnyFlag(Option.Three));
Assert.AreEqual(false, o1.HasFlag(Option.Three));
o1 |= Option.Two;
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasAnyFlag(Option.Three));
Assert.AreEqual(true, o1.HasFlag(Option.Three));
}
Enjoy!
There are a lot of answers on here but I think the most idiomatic way to do this with Flags would be Letters.AB.HasFlag(letter) or (Letters.A | Letters.B).HasFlag(letter) if you didn't already have Letters.AB. letter.HasFlag(Letters.AB) only works if it has both.
How about
if ((letter & Letters.AB) > 0)
?
这对你有用吗?
if ((letter & (Letters.A | Letters.B)) != 0)
You can use this extension method on enum, for any type of enums:
public static bool IsSingle(this Enum value)
{
var items = Enum.GetValues(value.GetType());
var counter = 0;
foreach (var item in items)
{
if (value.HasFlag((Enum)item))
{
counter++;
}
if (counter > 1)
{
return false;
}
}
return true;
}
if((int)letter != 0) { }
You could just check if the value is not zero.
if ((Int32)(letter & Letters.AB) != 0) { }
But I would consider it a better solution to introduce a new enumeration value with value zero and compare agains this enumeration value (if possible because you must be able to modify the enumeration).
[Flags]
enum Letters
{
None = 0,
A = 1,
B = 2,
C = 4,
AB = A | B,
All = AB | C
}
if (letter != Letters.None) { }
UPDATE
Missread the question - fixed the first suggestion and just ignore the second suggestion.
There are two aproaches that I can see that would work for checking for any bit being set.
Aproach A
if (letter != 0)
{
}
This works as long as you don't mind checking for all bits, including non-defined ones too!
Aproach B
if ((letter & Letters.All) != 0)
{
}
This only checks the defined bits, as long as Letters.All represents all of the possible bits.
For specific bits (one or more set), use Aproach B replacing Letters.All with the bits that you want to check for (see below).
if ((letter & Letters.AB) != 0)
{
}
从 .Net 4 开始,您可以使用速记版本而无需明确指定 &:
if(Letters.AB.HasFlag(Letters.C))
Can we find out easily and efficiently whether at least one flag is set ?
Well, if you are satisfied with checking whether at least one flag bit is set , then yes!
Usage:
if (EnumHelper.HasAnyFlagBitsSet(letter))
Implementation:
public static class EnumHelper
{
static EnumHelper()
{
// Required to get correct behavior in GetNumericValue
// Because we will overlap the enum type with a ulong, left-aligned
if (!BitConverter.IsLittleEndian)
throw new NotSupportedException("This type is only supported on little-endian architectures.");
}
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Returns whether the given enum value has any bits set that occurs in a defined flag for <typeparamref name="T"/>.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// Throws if the type parameter is not an enum type with the <see cref="FlagsAttribute"/>.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
public static bool HasAnyFlagBitsSet<T>(T enumValue)
where T : unmanaged, Enum
{
var numericValue = GetNumericValue(enumValue);
// Take the value that has all the permitted bits set
// Use & to keep only the corresponding bits from the input value
// Check that the input value provided at least one such bit
return (numericValue & FlagValueCache<T>.AllFlagsSetValue) != 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Returns whether the given enum value has any bits set that are set in <paramref name="flags"/>.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// Throws if the type parameter is not an enum type with the <see cref="FlagsAttribute"/>.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
public static bool HasAnyFlagBitsSet<T>(T enumValue, T flags)
where T : unmanaged, Enum
{
var numericValue = GetNumericValue(enumValue);
var numericFlags = GetNumericValue(flags);
// Use & to keep only the bits present in flags
// Check that the input value provided at least one such bit
return (numericValue & flags) != 0;
}
// Actually, have a bonus method as well, since this is a common operation:
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Returns whether the given enum value consists exclusively of defined flags for <typeparamref name="T"/>.
/// The result is false if a bit is set that is not part of any value defined by <typeparamref name="T"/>.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// Throws if the type parameter is not an enum type with the <see cref="FlagsAttribute"/>.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
public static bool HasDefinedFlags<T>(T enumValue)
where T : unmanaged, Enum
{
var numericValue = GetNumericValue(enumValue);
// Take the value that has all the permitted bits set
// Use ~ to get a value with all the forbidden bits set
// Use & to keep only the corresponding bits from the input value
// Check that the input value provided no such forbidden bits
return (numericValue & ~FlagValueCache<T>.AllFlagsSetValue) == 0;
}
/// <summary>
/// <para>
/// Returns the numeric value of the given <paramref name="enumValue"/>.
/// </para>
/// <para>
/// The resulting <see cref="ulong"/> can be cast to the intended integral type, even if it is a signed type.
/// </para>
/// </summary>
[MethodImpl(MethodImplOptions.AggressiveInlining)]
public static ulong GetNumericValue<T>(T enumValue)
where T : unmanaged, Enum
{
Span<ulong> ulongSpan = stackalloc ulong[] { 0UL };
Span<T> span = MemoryMarshal.Cast<ulong, T>(ulongSpan);
span[0] = enumValue;
return ulongSpan[0];
}
/// <summary>
/// Statically caches a "full" flags value each enum type for which this class is accessed.
/// </summary>
internal static class FlagValueCache<T>
where T : unmanaged, Enum
{
/// <summary>
/// Each bit that is set in any of the type's defined values is also set in this value.
/// </summary>
public static ulong AllFlagsSetValue { get; }
static FlagValueCache()
{
if (typeof(T).BaseType != typeof(Enum)) throw new Exception("The type parameter must be an enum type.");
foreach (var value in (T[])Enum.GetValues(typeof(T)))
AllFlagsSetValue |= GetNumericValue(value);
}
}
}
What does it mean that we are checking if at least one flag bit is set?
Well, this solution may fail to answer correctly for nonsensical enums like the following:
[Flags]
public enum Nonsense
{
One = 1,
// Eh, why does this value need TWO bits when those bits are NOT defined as individual values?
TwoAndFour = 2 | 4,
}
Here, EnumHelper.HasAnyFlagBitSet((Nonsense)2)
would return true
, which is technically incorrect, since 2
is not a defined flag.
However, it works perfectly fine for all sensible flags enums, including ones with multi-flags:
[Flags]
public enum Fine
{
One = 1,
Two = 2,
Four = 4,
// Fine, and sensible, since these flags exist individually
TwoAndFour = 2 | 4,
}
Sorry, but i will show it in VB :)
<Flags()> Public Enum Cnt As Integer
None = 0
One = 1
Two = 2
Three = 4
Four = 8
End Enum
Sub Test()
Dim CntValue As New Cnt
CntValue += Cnt.One
CntValue += Cnt.Three
Console.WriteLine(CntValue)
End Sub
CntValue = 5 So the enum contains 1 + 4
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