Removing items from lists and all references to them

Question

I'm facing a situation where I have dependent objects and I would like to be able to remove an object and all references to it.

Say I have an object structure like the code below, with a Branch type which references two Nodes.

public class Node
{
    // Has Some Data!
}

public class Branch
{
    // Contains references to Nodes
    public Node NodeA
    public Node NodeB
}

public class Graph
{
    public List<Node> Nodes;
    public List<Branch> Branches;
}

If I remove a Node from the Nodes list in the Graph class, it is still possible that one or more Branch objects still contains a reference to the removed Node, thus retaining it in memory, whereas really what I would quite like would be to set any references to the removed Node to null and let the garbage collection kick in.

Other than enumerating through each Branch and checking each Node reference sequentially, are there any smart ideas on how I remove references to the Node in each Branch instance AND indeed any other class which reference the removed Node?

Answer 1

There's no built-in C# language feature to facilate that (you can't really track assignments). You'll have to keep track of all references somewhere and update it as soon as you're assigning a new reference to it. A very general idea is to provide a Removed event in the Node itself and raise the event when the object is supposed to be abandoned. Every time you want to hold on a new reference to the Node , you'd subscribe to the event with a matching delegate that nulls out the reference to that object. Of course, if you're doing this with a set of previously known types that reference the node in a specific way, there may be easier and more efficient ways to accomplish the task.

Answer 2

Change your Node to include a list of the branches it is on:

public class Node
{
    // Has Some Data!

    public List<Branch> BranchesIn;
    public List<Branch> BranchesOut;  // assuming this is a directed graph

    public void Delete()
    {
      foreach (var branch in BranchesIn)
        branch.NodeB.BranchesOut.Remove(branch);

      foreach (var branch in BranchesOut)
        branch.NodeA.BranchesIn.Remove(branch);

      BranchesIn.Clear();
      BranchesOut.Clear();
     }
}

public class Branch
{
    // Contains references to Nodes
    public Node NodeA
    public Node NodeB
}

Now your Graph class doesn't need a List of Nodes or Branches, all it needs is a single Root Node. When you remove a Node you remove all the branches off it. Clearly you encapsulate all the methods to add and remove nodes and branches so external code can't break the structure.

If you aren't actually storing any data on the Branch (more typically called an Edge) you don't need it at all. Nodes can just maintain a list of the other nodes they link in from and out to.

Answer 3

Some class holding a reference to a Node would not like it, if some mechanism just deletes this reference. And no, there is no other way. You have to iterate and set them to null manually. But if Node represents a limited or memroy intensive resource, you should consider managingaccess to it better, perhaps at a central place.

Answer 4

尝试使用WeakReference作为Node或Branch的包装器，列表将包含这些弱引用。

Answer 5

You can certainly query your branch elements for references to each node that you're removing, something like this example

class Branch
{
    public Branch(Node nodeA, Node nodeB) { NodeA = nodeA; NodeB = nodeB; }
    public Node NodeA { get; set; }
    public Node NodeB { get; set; }
}

class Node
{
    public Node(string name) { Name = name; }
    public string Name { get; set; }
}

...

List<Node> nodes = new List<Node>() { new Node("Apple"), new Node("Banana") };
List<Branch> branches = new List<Branch>() { new Branch(nodes[0], nodes[1]), new Branch(nodes[1], nodes[0]) };

Node node = nodes[0];
nodes.Remove(node);

var query = from branch in branches
            where branch.NodeA == node || branch.NodeB == node 
            select branch;

foreach (Branch branch in query)
{
    if (branch.NodeA == node)
        branch.NodeA = null;
    if (branch.NodeB == node) // could just be 'else' if NodeA cannot equal NodeB
        branch.NodeB = null;
}

Which is fine for removing references in your list of branches. However, like Mehrdad points out, it becomes increasingly more difficult to wipe out all references if references to your Node object are more prolific.

Answer 6

I recommend making it so that only your Graph knows about Branches and Nodes. That way you can control access and can make sure you know how to invalidate all of your own references. If you need to provide access to user data at a Node, you can provide methods to iterate over your structure, rather than giving access to the raw structure. You can embed user information in the structure classes via generics (ie a user-defined 'Tag' property for each Node and each Branch).