Use event and delegate in subclass

Question

Why can't I use the event declared in Base from Sub ?

class Program
{
    static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        Sub sub = new Sub();
        sub.log += new Base.logEvent(sub_log);
        sub.go();
    }

    static void sub_log(string message, int level)
    {
        Console.Out.WriteLine(message + " " + level);
    }
}

public abstract class Base
{
    public delegate void logEvent(String message, int level);

    public event logEvent log;
}

public class Sub : Base
{

    public void go()
    {
        log("Test", 1); // <-- this won't compile
    }
}

Answer 1

Events may only be invoked from the class that declares them.

From outside of the definition of a class (even in a derived class) you can only register and unregister from an event . Inside of the class, the compiler only allows you to raise the event. This is a by-design behavior of C# (which actually changes slightly in C#4 -Chris Burrows describes the changes on his blog ).

What you want to do here is provide a RaiseLogEvent() method in the base class, which would allow the derived class to invoke this event.

public abstract class Base
{ 
  public delegate void logEvent(String message, int level); 

  public event logEvent log; 

  protected void RaiseLogEvent( string msg, int level )
  {
      // note the idomatic use of the copy/test/invoke pattern...
      logEvent evt = log;
      if( evt != null )
      {
          evt( msg, level );
      }
  }
} 

As an aside, you should consider using the EventHandler<> delegate type, rather than creating your own event types when possible.

Answer 2

Because events can only be called from the declaring class. Just create a method in the base class to call it:

protected virtual RaiseLogEvent(string s, int i)
{
  log(s, i);
}

So you can use it in deriving classes, and even override it.

On another note, I would strongly advise you to follow the design guidelines for events, and create an own EventArgs class, and use the EventHandler<T> delegate.

Answer 3

Yes, you can declare events in a base class so that they can also be raised from derived classes.

Create a protected invoking method for the event. By calling this invoking method, derived classes can invoke the event.

Read the standard way to do so here:
How to raise base class events in derived classes