Is it possible to map just part of a file using mmap?

Question

I have a input file which has a header like this:

P6\n
width\n
height\n
depth\n

and then a struct is writen, pixel*, into this file, which is going to be mapped.

So, I want to skip the header and make my mmap function return the ptr to that structure. How can I do this? with lseek perhaps? Could you please exemplify?

I will leave part of my code here:

printf("Saving header to output file\n");
    if (writeImageHeader(h, fpout) == -1) {
        printf("Could not write to output file\n");
        return -1;
    }

    last_index = (int)ftell(fpout);
    //printf("offset after header= %d\n",last_index);

    //alloc mem space for one row (width * size of one pixel struct)
    row = malloc(h->width * sizeof (pixel));

    /*Create a copy of the original image to the output file, which will be inverted*/
    printf("Starting work\n");
    for (i = 0; i < h->height; i++) {
        printf("Reading row... ");
        if (getImageRow(h->width, row, fpin) == -1) {
            printf("Error while reading row\n");
        }
        printf("Got row %d || ", (i + 1));

        printf("Saving row... ");
        if (writeRow(h->width, row, fpout) == -1) {
            printf("Error while reading row\n");
        }
        printf("Done\n");
    }


    /*Open file descriptor of the ouput file.
     * O_RDWR -  Read and Write operations both permitted
     * O_CREAT - Create file if it doesn't already exist
     * O_TRUNC - Delete existing contents of file*/
    if ((fdout = open(argv[2], O_RDWR, FILE_MODE)) < 0) {
        fprintf(stderr, "Can't create %s for writing\n", argv[2]);
        exit(1);
    }

    /*Get size of the output file*/
    if (fstat(fdout, &sbuf) == -1) {
        perror("Stat error ---------->\n");
        exit(1);
    }
    //printf("Size of output file: %d\n",(int)sbuf.st_size);

    /*Maps output file to memory*/
    if ((data = mmap((caddr_t) 0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fdout, 0)) == (caddr_t) (-1)) {
        perror("Error mmaping");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

As you see, right now my ppm image is mapped to char* data, but I want to skip the header and map just to the pixel* part.

Here's my code with the suggestion of using 2 pointers, a char* from mmap and another one equals that + offset.

main
c functions
header
makefile

Answer 1

If you read the man page for mmap , you wil find that its final parameter is off_t offset . The description:

... continuing or at most 'len' bytes to be mapped from the object described by 'fd', starting at byte offset 'offset'.

I suspect if you pass your offset in as that parameter, it will do what you want.

Answer 2

如果您需要跳过的数量小于系统页面大小，则不能，因为在某些系统上， offset必须是页面大小的倍数。

Answer 3

You just need to keep 2 pointers - the pointer to the start of the mmap 'd block, and the pointer to the start of the data you want inside there. As in:

unsigned char *block = mmap(0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fdout, 0);
unsigned char *data = block + offset;

where offset is the offset in the file to the data you want.

Answer 4

So, from what I understand, can I do something like this?

off_t offset_after_header = lseek(fdout, last_index, SEEK_SET);
    printf("Pointer is on %d\n",(int)offset_after_header);
    /*Maps output file to memory*/
    if ((data = mmap((caddr_t) 0, sbuf.st_size, PROT_READ | PROT_WRITE, MAP_SHARED, fdout, offset_after_header)) == (caddr_t) (-1)) {
        perror("Error mmaping");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

and, from that, I could map my file to whatever type I want, in this case the pixel*

If this is ok, what cautions should I take? For example, like those Ignacio Vazquez-Abrams said

Answer 5

Um, you did notice the 'offset' parameter that you are supplying with a zero? Assuming you know the absolute offset of what you want, you pass it.