HTTP Client getting “Connection reset by peer” (TCP RST) from some servers but not others

Question

I'm writing a basic HTTP client and have ran into a problem - some HTTP servers are forcing resets, causing a "Connection reset by peer" error. Many HTTP servers do close the connection gracefully, though none seem to keep the connection alive.

However, I'm sure it's my client because HTTP clients using very similar source code don't exhibit the same behaviour: their connections to the same servers are either closed gracefully or kept alive.

What is causing this seemingly inconsistent problem?

Relevant code:

/* socket */
if ((context->socket = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, IPPROTO_TCP)) == -1) {
    perror("Failed to create socket");
    exit(-1);
}

/* connect */
if (connect(context->socket, &context->tx_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr)) != 0) {
    perror("Couldn't connect to server");
    exit(-1);
}

/* create header */
snprintf(context->packet, BUFF_SIZE,
         "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" \
         "Host: %s\r\n\r\n", 
         conf->request, conf->host);

/* send header */
if ((sendto(context->socket, context->packet, BUFF_SIZE, 0, 
            NULL, 0))) != BUFF_SIZE) {
    perror("Failed to send");
    exit(-1);
}

/* receive response */
do {
    if ((received = recvfrom(context->socket, context->packet, BUFF_SIZE, 0, NULL, 
                             NULL)) < 0) {

        /* THIS is where RST occurs with some servers */

        perror("Failed to receive");
        exit(-1)
    }

    if (received >= 0)     
            context->packet[received] = '\0';
    printf("%s", context->packet);

} while (received > 0);

Answer 1

After some investigation, it became apparent that my HTTP requests were malformed.

The problem lies in this code:

/* create header */
snprintf(context->packet, BUFF_SIZE,
         "GET %s HTTP/1.1\r\n" \
         "Host: %s\r\n\r\n", 
         conf->request, conf->host);

/* send header */
if ((sendto(context->socket, context->packet, BUFF_SIZE, 0, 
            NULL, 0)) != BUFF_SIZE) {
    perror("Failed to send entire buffer");
    exit(-1);
}

Notice that BUFF_SIZE bytes from the buffer are sent, even though we almost certainly won't fill the entire buffer when creating the header with snprintf . The garbage proceeding the generated header was also being transmitted. Some servers just ignored the bad request, others just gave up and reset (RST) the connection.

Simply change the send code to something like this to fix the problem:

/* assuming context->packet is a string */
int len = strlen(context->packet);
int sent = 0, total = 0;

while (total < len) {
    if ((sent = sendto(context->socket, context->packet + total, 
                       len - total, 0, NULL, 0)) <= 0) {
        perror("Failed to send");
        exit(-1);
    }
    total += sent;
}