Shell scripting: cat vs echo for output

Question

I've written a small script in bash that parses either the provided files or stdin if no file is given to produce some output. What is the best way to redirect the parsed output to stdout (at the end of the script the result is stored in a variable). Should I use cat or echo , or is there another preferred method?

Answer 1

Use the printf command:

printf '%s\n' "$var"

echo is ok for simple cases, but it can behave oddly for certain arguments. For example, echo has a -n option that tells it not to print a newline. If $var happens to be -n , then

echo "$var"

won't print anything. And there are a number of different versions of echo (either built into various shells or as /bin/echo ) with subtly different behaviors.

Answer 2

echo. You have your parsed data in a variable, so just echo "$var" should be fine. cat is used to print the contents of files, which isn't what you want here.

Answer 3

echo is a fine way to do it. You will have to jump through a few hoops if you want cat to work.