Implementing a memoization table with a map templated on a pair of int, int and int

Question

I have implemented a recursive algorithm, to improve the performance I want to add a memoization table. The most natural structure for my problem would be

map<pair<int,int>,int> lookup_table;

and the recursive algorithm that I use is

int max_sum_path(int maximum_rows,vector<vector<int> >& matrix,int row_index,int colm_index)
{
  if(row_index >= maximum_rows || colm_index > row_index)
  {
    //we have reached a cell outside the Triangular Matrix
    return 0;
  }
  else if(lookup_table.find(row_index,colm_index) != lookup_table.end())
  {
    //the memoization step to avoid repeated calculations and make recursion more efficient
    return lookup_table[row_index,colm_index];
  }
  else
  {
    lookup_table[row_index,colm_index] = matrix[row_index][colm_index] + max(max_sum_path(maximum_rows,matrix,row_index+1,colm_index), max_sum_path(maximum_rows,matrix,row_index+1,colm_index+1));
    return lookup_table[row_index,colm_index];
  }
}

This throws a tonne of compiler errors. I'm not sure if the syntax is correct. Should I be using a string buffer to create a string and then use it instead of the pair?

Here are the compiler errors:

sums_triangle.cpp: In function ‘int max_sum_path(int, std::vector<std::vector<int> >&, int, int)’:
sums_triangle.cpp:50:49: error: no matching function for call to ‘std::map<std::pair<int, int>, int>::find(int&, int&)’
sums_triangle.cpp:50:49: note: candidates are:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:736:7: note: std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::find(const key_type&) [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>, _Tp = int, _Compare = std::less<std::pair<int, int> >, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::iterator = std::_Rb_tree_iterator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::pair<int, int>]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:736:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:751:7: note: std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::find(const key_type&) const [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>, _Tp = int, _Compare = std::less<std::pair<int, int> >, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::const_iterator = std::_Rb_tree_const_iterator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::pair<int, int>]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:751:7: note:   candidate expects 1 argument, 2 provided
sums_triangle.cpp:53:35: warning: left operand of comma operator has no effect [-Wunused-value]
sums_triangle.cpp:53:45: error: no match for ‘operator[]’ in ‘lookup_table[(0, colm_index)]’
sums_triangle.cpp:53:45: note: candidate is:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note: std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type& std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::operator[](const key_type&) [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>, _Tp = int, _Compare = std::less<std::pair<int, int> >, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type = int, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::pair<int, int>]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘int’ to ‘const key_type& {aka const std::pair<int, int>&}’
sums_triangle.cpp:57:28: warning: left operand of comma operator has no effect [-Wunused-value]
sums_triangle.cpp:57:38: error: no match for ‘operator[]’ in ‘lookup_table[(0, colm_index)]’
sums_triangle.cpp:57:38: note: candidate is:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note: std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type& std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::operator[](const key_type&) [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>, _Tp = int, _Compare = std::less<std::pair<int, int> >, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type = int, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::pair<int, int>]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘int’ to ‘const key_type& {aka const std::pair<int, int>&}’
sums_triangle.cpp:58:35: warning: left operand of comma operator has no effect [-Wunused-value]
sums_triangle.cpp:58:45: error: no match for ‘operator[]’ in ‘lookup_table[(0, colm_index)]’
sums_triangle.cpp:58:45: note: candidate is:
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note: std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type& std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::operator[](const key_type&) [with _Key = std::pair<int, int>, _Tp = int, _Compare = std::less<std::pair<int, int> >, _Alloc = std::allocator<std::pair<const std::pair<int, int>, int> >, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::mapped_type = int, std::map<_Key, _Tp, _Compare, _Alloc>::key_type = std::pair<int, int>]
/usr/lib/gcc/x86_64-unknown-linux-gnu/4.6.2/../../../../include/c++/4.6.2/bits/stl_map.h:445:7: note:   no known conversion for argument 1 from ‘int’ to ‘const key_type& {aka const std::pair<int, int>&}’
sums_triangle.cpp:60:1: warning: control reaches end of non-void function [-Wreturn-type]

Just to be clear, I'm not sure if the syntax is correct. I want to know how I can use a pair as the key for a map.

Extra Info: I had asked this question earlier. I'm optimizing it now. Feel free to suggest a different structure for the memoization table.

Answer 1

Instead of this,

lookup_table.find(row_index,colm_index) //incorrect - your code

write this,

lookup_table.find(std::make_pair(row_index,colm_index)) //correct - my code

Similarly see these as well,

lookup_table[row_index,colm_index];  //incorrect  - your code
lookup_table[std::make_pair(row_index,colm_index)]; //correct - my code

Explanation:

Since lookup_table is std::map<std::pair<int,int>,int> , its key type is std::pair<int,int> , so the index to lookup_table has to be its key, when you use [] operator.

std::make_pair is a utility function which returns an object of type std::pair<int,int> if both arguments to std::make_pair are int . Instead of writing, std::make_pair , you can use std::pair<int,int>(row_index,colm_index) but this looks cumbersome, that is why std::make_pair is preferred.

Answer 2

Unfortunately this is not python. You can't use this syntax:

lookup_table[row_index,colm_index]

You need do use make_pair() to create the pair:

lookup_table[std::make_pair(row_index,colm_index)]

Other than that, you probably should use the iterator returned from map.find() to return your memoized result. As it stands now, you are making the lookup twice.

Answer 3

Store the row_index and colm_index in a std::pair :

pair<int, int> map_key_value = std::make_pair(row_index, colm_index);

Then use map_key_value in lookup_table.find() and lookup_table[] .

Answer 4

You can't access map<pair<int,int>,int> using lookup_table[row_index,colm_index] and find(row_index,colm_index) . To access it, you have to create a pair of two ints.