Search MySQL Database with Multiple Fields in a Form

Question

I have created a form where the user can search the database, and the result depends on how the user fills out the form.
For example, say I have name, address, city, state, and zip field, and the user fills out name and city fields, the results reflect the input. When the form submits all records are displayed. for this I write this:

if(isset($_POST['submit'])) {
        $sql = mysql_query("SELECT * FROM table WHERE name LIKE '%" . $_POST['name'] . "%'
                   OR address LIKE '%" . $_POST['address'] . "%'
                   OR city LIKE '%" . $_POST['city'] . "%'
                   OR state LIKE '%" . $_POST['state'] . "%'
                   OR zip LIKE '%" . $_POST['zip'] . "%'");
    }


        <form method="post" action="<?php $_SERVER['PHP_SELF']; ?>">
            <tr>
                <td>Name:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="name" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Address:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="address" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>City:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="city" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>State:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="state" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>Zip:</td>
                <td><input type="text" name="zip" /></td>
            </tr>
            <tr>
                <td>&nbsp;</td>
                <td><input type="submit" name="submit" value="Search" /></td>
            </tr>
        </form>
    </table>

    <?php
        if(isset($_POST['submit'])) {
            while($row = mysql_fetch_array($sql)) {
                echo $row['name'] . "<br />";
            }
        }   
    ?>

But in this case a user may leave a field blank.

Answer 1

Try this:

if(isset($_POST['submit'])) {
    // define the list of fields
    $fields = array('name', 'address', 'city', 'state', 'zip');
    $conditions = array();

    // loop through the defined fields
    foreach($fields as $field){
        // if the field is set and not empty
        if(isset($_POST[$field]) && $_POST[$field] != '') {
            // create a new condition while escaping the value inputed by the user (SQL Injection)
            $conditions[] = "`$field` LIKE '%" . mysql_real_escape_string($_POST[$field]) . "%'";
        }
    }

    // builds the query
    $query = "SELECT * FROM TABLE ";
    // if there are conditions defined
    if(count($conditions) > 0) {
        // append the conditions
        $query .= "WHERE " . implode (' AND ', $conditions); // you can change to 'OR', but I suggest to apply the filters cumulative
    }

    $result = mysql_query($query);