python如何将多个参数传递给类而不需要它们

Question

好的，所以我对python还是很陌生，我正在SF的社区中心免费上课，所以是的，这是“作业”，但它不是上学的，所以请明确。

好的，我们正在进行运算符重载，但是我有一个问题与类中的参数有关。 我的想法可能完全偏离了轨道，因此任何帮助都将非常有用。

这是我到目前为止的课程代码

class CoinPurse(object):

    def __init__(self, quarters=0, dimes=0, nickels=0, pennies=0):
        self.purse ={'quarters': 0, 'dimes': 0, 'nickels': 0, 'pennies': 0}

    def __setitem__(self, quarters, dimes, nickels, pennies):
        self.purse ={'quarters': quarters, 'dimes': dimes, 'nickels': nickels, 'pennies': pennies}

    def amount(self):
        """ Return the amount of money as a floating point value """
        self.purseamount = 0
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + ((self.purse['quarters']) * 25)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + ((self.purse['dimes']) * 10)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + ((self.purse['nickels']) * 5)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + self.purse['pennies']
        self.purseamount = float(self.purseamount) / 100

        return float(self.purseamount)

    def quarters(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.purse['quarters'])

    def dimes(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.purse['dimes'])

    def nickels(self):
         """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.purse['nickels'])

    def pennies(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.purse['pennies'])

好的，这是使用该类的测试，以后我需要做更多的工作，但是现在我只想确保基础知识能正常工作

x = CoinPurse(quarters=5, pennies=100)
print x.amount()
print x.quarters()
print x.pennies()

现在我的问题是，我知道我没有正确使用setitem ，我将如何传递参数（quarters = 5，pennys = 100），以便将其添加到字典对象中。 我需要同时传递键和值（四分之一是键，5是值）...我对此一无所知，无法继续下去，直到我弄清楚了。

顺便说一句，我不能更改必须以这种方式使用的x = CoinPurse（quarters = 5，pennies = 100）。

**根据建议编辑的代码

class CoinPurse(object):

    def __init__(self, **kwargs):
        self.pquarters = kwargs.get('quarters', 0)
        self.pdimes = kwargs.get('dimes', 0)
        self.pnickels = kwargs.get('nickels', 0)
        self.ppennies = kwargs.get('pennies', 0)


    def amount(self):
        """ Return the amount of money as a floating point value """
        self.purseamount = 0
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + (self.pquarters * 25)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + (self.pdimes * 10)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + (self.pnickels * 5)
        self.purseamount = self.purseamount + self.ppennies
        self.purseamount = float(self.purseamount) / 100

        return float(self.purseamount)

    def quarters(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.pquarters)

    def dimes(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.pdimes)

    def nickels(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.pnickels)

    def pennies(self):
        """ Returns the number of quarters as an integer """

        return int(self.ppennies)

Answer 1

如果仅将参数设为所有关键字，则会更简单。 然后，您可以将未设置的单个硬币数量设置为默认值：

def __init__(self, **kwargs):
    quarters = kwargs.get('quarters', 0)
    # etc. for other coins

您可能还应该验证，除了允许的硬币以外，没有给出任何其他关键字。