为什么在这种情况下调用复制构造函数？

Question

我有两个简单的类：信用卡和帐户

    #pragma once

    #include<string>

    class CreditCard
    {
    private:
        std::string number;
        int expMonth;
        int expYear;
        int pin;
    public:

        CreditCard():number(""), expMonth(0), expYear(0), pin(0)
        {

        }

        CreditCard(std::string number, int expMonth, int expYear,int pin):number(number), expMonth(expMonth), expYear(expYear), pin(pin)
        {
            if(number.length()!=5)
            {
                throw std::invalid_argument("Card number must be 5 characters");
            }
            if(expMonth<0 || expMonth>12)
            {
                throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid expiration month");
            }
            if(expYear<2014 || expYear>2020)
            {
                throw std::invalid_argument("Invalid expiration year");
            }
            if(pin<1000 || pin>9999)
            {
                throw std::invalid_argument("PIN must be between 1000 and 9999");
            }
        }

        CreditCard(const CreditCard &creditCard):number(creditCard.number), expMonth(creditCard.expMonth), expYear(creditCard.expYear), pin(creditCard.pin)
        {

        }   

        CreditCard(CreditCard &&creditCard):number(std::move(creditCard.number)), expMonth(std::move(creditCard.expMonth)), expYear(std::move(creditCard.expYear)), pin(std::move(creditCard.pin))
        {
            creditCard.number="";
            creditCard.expMonth=0;
            creditCard.expYear=0;
            creditCard.pin=0;
        }

        CreditCard& operator = (const CreditCard &creditCard)
        {
            number=creditCard.number;
            expMonth=creditCard.expMonth;
            expYear=creditCard.expYear;
            pin=creditCard.pin;
            return *this;
        }

        CreditCard& operator = (CreditCard &&creditCard)
        {
            if(this!=&creditCard)
            {
                number=std::move(creditCard.number);
                expMonth=std::move(creditCard.expMonth);
                expYear=std::move(creditCard.expYear);
                pin=std::move(creditCard.pin);
                number=creditCard.number;
                expMonth=creditCard.expMonth;
                expYear=creditCard.expYear;
                pin=creditCard.pin;
            }
            return *this;
        }

        std::string getNumber() const
        {
            return number;
        }

        int getExpMonth() const
        {
            return expMonth;
        }

        int getExpYear() const
        {
            return expYear;
        }

        int getPin() const
        {
            return pin;
        }
    };


#pragma once

#include<string>
#include"CreditCard.h"

class Account
{
private:
    std::string number;
    float amount;
    CreditCard creditCard;
public:
    Account():number(""), amount(0), creditCard()
    {

    }

    Account(std::string number, float amount, CreditCard creditCard) : number(number), amount(amount), creditCard(creditCard)
    {

    }

    Account(const Account &account) : number(account.number), amount(account.amount), creditCard(account.creditCard)
    {

    }

    Account(Account &&account) : number(std::move(account.number)), amount(std::move(account.amount)), creditCard(std::move(creditCard))
    {

    }

    Account& operator = (const Account &account)
    {
        number=account.number;
        amount=account.amount;
        creditCard=account.creditCard;      
        return *this;
    }

    Account& operator = (Account &&account)
    {
        if(this!=&account)
        {
            number=account.number;
            amount=account.amount;
            creditCard=account.creditCard;

            account.number="";
            account.amount=0;
            account.creditCard=CreditCard("",0,0,0);
        }
        return *this;
    }

    std::string getNumber() const
    {
        return number;
    }

    float getAmount() const
    {
        return amount;
    }

    void deposit(const float &depositAmount)
    {
        amount+=depositAmount;
    }

    void withdraw(const float &withdrawAmount)
    {
        amount-=withdrawAmount;
    }
};

总的来说，我有这行：

Account account1("x12345x",1235.2, CreditCard("12345",1,2014,1122));

怎么了：

1. 信用卡构造函数被调用
2. 信用卡移动构造函数被调用
3. 帐户构造函数被调用
4. 信用卡副本构造函数被调用

我不明白为什么会发生4。 为什么要复制构造函数调用？

PS：对这些类别的任何更正均表示赞赏。

Answer 1

我不明白为什么会发生4。 为什么要复制构造函数调用？

因为这行：

Account(std::string number, float amount, CreditCard creditCard) 
: 
number(number), amount(amount), creditCard(creditCard)
//                              ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
{ ... }

在Account的构造函数中，您creditCard左值creditCard复制到成员变量creditCard 。 这将导致对CreditCard的副本构造函数的调用。

实际上，由于您是按值使用creditCard ，因此可以安全地移动它：

Account(std::string number, float amount, CreditCard creditCard) 
: 
number(number), amount(amount), creditCard(std::move(creditCard))
//                                         ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
{ ... }

这将导致对CreditCard的move构造函数而不是步骤4中的副本构造函数的调用。

Answer 2

1. 构造了CreditCard("12345", 1, 2014, 1122) 。 我们称它为c1 。
2. c1被移到Account构造函数的creditCard参数中。
3. 开始构建account1 。
4. account1.creditCard是根据成员初始化程序列表从构造函数参数creditCard复制构造的。