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使用Ruby和EM :: WebSocket :: Server的WebSocket握手

[英]WebSocket handshake with Ruby and EM::WebSocket::Server

我正在尝试针对我的Rails应用程序在JavaScript中创建一个简单的WebSocket连接。 我得到以下内容:

WebSocket与'ws:// localhost:4000 /'的连接失败:WebSocket握手过程中出错:'Sec-WebSocket-Accept'标头丢失

我究竟做错了什么? 这是我的代码:

JavaScript:

var socket = new WebSocket('ws://localhost:4000');

socket.onopen = function() {
  var handshake =
    "GET / HTTP/1.1\n" +
    "Host: localhost\n" +
    "Upgrade: websocket\n" +
    "Connection: Upgrade\n" +
    "Sec-WebSocket-Key: x3JJHMbDL1EzLkh9GBhXDw==\n" +
    "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: quote\n" +
    "Sec-WebSocket-Version: 13\n" +
    "Origin: http://localhost\n";

  socket.send(handshake);
};

socket.onmessage = function(data) {
  console.log(data);
};

红宝石:

require 'rubygems'
require 'em-websocket-server'

module QuoteService
  class WebSocket < EventMachine::WebSocket::Server
    def on_connect
      handshake_response =  "HTTP/1.1 101 Switching Protocols\n"
      handshake_response << "Upgrade: websocket\n"
      handshake_response << "Connection: Upgrade\n"
      handshake_response << "Sec-WebSocket-Accept: HSmrc0sMlYUkAGmm5OPpG2HaGWk=\n"
      handshake_response << "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: quote\n"

      send_message(handshake_response)
    end

    def on_receive(data)
      puts 'RECEIVED: ' + data
    end
  end
end

EventMachine.run do
  print 'Starting WebSocket server...'
  EventMachine.start_server '0.0.0.0', 4000, QuoteService::WebSocket
  puts 'running'
end

握手头是每个Wikipedia的

1)我认为,一旦打开连接,请求和响应就已经发生,因此此时发送标头为时已晚。 另外,标题必须以空白行结尾,您已省略了该行。

2)根据演示,您甚至不必在客户端或服务器上设置标头-ruby模块自动处理服务器端的标头,而html5自动处理客户端的标头。 我认为这应该工作:

require "em-websocket-server"

class EchoServer < EM::WebSocket::Server

  def on_connect
    EM::WebSocket::Log.debug "Connected"
    puts "I felt a connection."
  end

  def on_receive msg
    puts "RECEIVED: #{msg}"
    send_message msg
  end

end

EM.run do
  myhost = "0.0.0.0"
  myport = 8000
  puts "Starting WebSocket server.  Listening on port #{myport}..."
  EM.start_server myhost, myport, EchoServer
end  

html文件:

<!DOCTYPE html> <html> <head><title>Test</title>

<script type="text/javascript">

  var myWebSocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000");

  myWebSocket.onopen = function(evt)    { 
    console.log("Connection open. Sending message..."); 
    myWebSocket.send("Hello WebSockets!");       };

  myWebSocket.onmessage = function(evt)    { 
    console.log(evt.data);
    myWebSocket.close();   };

  myWebSocket.onclose = function(evt)    { 
    console.log("Connection closed.");    };

  myWebSocket.onerror = function(err)   {
    alert(err.name + " => " + err.message);   } </script>

</head> <body>   <div>Hello</div> </body> </html>

它确实可以在Safari 5.1.9(这是一个较旧的浏览器)中工作:我在服务器和客户端上都看到了预期的输出。 但是,该代码在Firefox 21中不起作用:我收到错误消息...

Firefox can't establish a connection to the server at ws://localhost:8000/.
    var myWebSocket = new WebSocket("ws://localhost:8000");

我注意到在Firebug和Safari开发人员工具中,服务器均未发送Sec-WebSocket-Accept标头:

Response Headers

Connection          Upgrade
Upgrade         WebSocket
WebSocket-Location  ws://localhost:8000/
WebSocket-Origin    null


Request Headers

Accept                  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding         gzip, deflate
Accept-Language         en-US,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control           no-cache
Connection          keep-alive, Upgrade
DNT                 1
Host                    localhost:8000
Origin                  null
Pragma                  no-cache
Sec-WebSocket-Key   r9xT+ywe533EHF09wxelkg==
Sec-WebSocket-Version   13
Upgrade                 websocket
User-Agent          Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0

我尝试过的任何事情都无法使代码在Firefox 21.0中正常工作。 要检查Firefox 21.0是否甚至支持websocket,我去了:

http://www.websocket.org/echo.html  

它说我的浏览器确实支持websockets。

3)有什么理由需要使用em-websocket-server模块? 在github上对该模块的最后修改是三年前。 而且,每当您看到require rubygems在ruby代码中使用require rubygems时,都应该提醒您该代码已过时。 我尝试了较新的em-websocket模块,并且能够在Firefox 21.0和Safari 5.1.9上使用websocket成功地来回传输数据:

require 'em-websocket'

myhost = "0.0.0.0"
myport = 8000

EM.run {
  puts "Listening on port #{myport}..."

  EM::WebSocket.run(:host => myhost, :port => myport, :debug => false) do |ws|

    ws.onopen do |handshake|
      path = handshake.path
      query_str = handshake.query
      origin = handshake.origin

      puts "WebSocket opened:"
      puts "\t path  \t\t -> #{path}" 
      puts "\t query_str \t -> #{query_str}"
      puts "\t origin \t -> #{origin}"
    end 

    ws.onmessage { |msg|
      ws.send "Pong: #{msg}"
    }
    ws.onclose {
      puts "WebSocket closed"
    }
    ws.onerror { |e|
      puts "Error: #{e.message}"
    }
  end
}

相同的客户端代码。 现在响应头包括Sec-WebSocket-Accept:

Response Headers

Connection          Upgrade
Sec-WebSocket-Accept    LyIm6d+kAAqkcTR744tVK9HMepY=
Upgrade                 websocket


Request Headers

Accept  text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,*/*;q=0.8
Accept-Encoding gzip, deflate
Accept-Language en-US,en;q=0.5
Cache-Control   no-cache
Connection  keep-alive, Upgrade
DNT 1
Host    localhost:8000
Origin  null
Pragma  no-cache
Sec-WebSocket-Key   pbK8lFHQAF+arl9tFvHn/Q==
Sec-WebSocket-Version   13
Upgrade websocket
User-Agent  Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10.6; rv:21.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/21.0

在您的代码中,我认为您没有设置任何标题。 相反,您只是来回发送恰好包含标题类似字符的消息。 显然,您的浏览器在允许连接之前需要响应中的Sec-WebSocket-Accept标头,并且当em-websocket-server模块未能在响应中设置该标头时,浏览器将拒绝连接。

em-websockets-server的相关源代码如下所示:

module EM
  module WebSocket
    module Protocol
      module Version76

        # generate protocol 76 compatible response headers
        def response
          response = "HTTP/1.1 101 Web Socket Protocol Handshake\r\n"
          response << "Upgrade: WebSocket\r\n"
          response << "Connection: Upgrade\r\n"
          response << "Sec-WebSocket-Origin: #{origin}\r\n"
          response << "Sec-WebSocket-Location: #{scheme}://#{host}#{path}\r\n"

          if protocol
            response << "Sec-WebSocket-Protocol: #{protocol}\r\n"
          end

          response << "\r\n"
          response << Digest::MD5.digest(keyset)

          response
        end

如您所见,它没有设置Sec-WebSocket-Accept标头。 该代码位于一个称为Version76的模块中,并且在google中搜索websockets版本76会产生一个过时的协议(其中包含请求和响应的示例):

http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-hixie-thewebsocketprotocol-76

这是当前的websockets协议(还包含一个请求和响应的示例):

http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc6455

结论: em-websockets-server已过时

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