Python 将文件复制到新目录并在文件名已存在时重命名

Question

我已经阅读了这个线程，但是当我将它实现到我的代码中时，它只适用于几次迭代。

我正在使用 python 遍历一个目录（我们称之为移动目录）以将主要 pdf 文件（匹配唯一 ID）复制到另一个目录（基本目录）到匹配文件夹（具有相应的唯一 ID）。 我开始使用shutil.copy但如果有重复，它会覆盖现有文件。

我希望能够搜索相应的文件夹以查看该文件是否已经存在，如果出现多个文件，则对其进行迭代命名。

例如

• 将文件 1234.pdf 复制到基本目录 1234 中的文件夹。
• 如果存在 1234.pdf 将其命名为 1234_1.pdf，
• 如果另一个 pdf 被复制为 1234.pdf，那么它将是 1234_2.pdf。

这是我的代码：

import arcpy
import os
import re
import sys
import traceback
import collections
import shutil

movdir = r"C:\Scans"
basedir = r"C:\Links"

try:
    #Walk through all files in the directory that contains the files to copy
    for root, dirs, files in os.walk(movdir):
        for filename in files:
            #find the name location and name of files
            path = os.path.join(root, filename)
            print path
            #file name and extension
            ARN, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)
            print ARN

            #Location of the corresponding folder in the new directory
            link = os.path.join(basedir,ARN)

            # if the folder already exists in new directory
            if os.path.exists(link):

                #this is the file location in the new directory
                file = os.path.join(basedir, ARN, ARN)
                linkfn = os.path.join(basedir, ARN, filename)

                if os.path.exists(linkfn):
                    i = 0
                    #if this file already exists in the folder
                    print "Path exists already"
                    while os.path.exists(file + "_" + str(i) + extension):
                        i+=1
                    print "Already 2x exists..."
                    print "Renaming"
                    shutil.copy(path, file + "_" + str(i) + extension)
                else:

                    shutil.copy(path, link)
                    print ARN + " " +  "Copied"
            else:
                print ARN + " " + "Not Found"

Answer 1

有时重新开始会更容易......如果有任何错字，我很抱歉，我没有时间彻底测试它。

movdir = r"C:\Scans"
basedir = r"C:\Links"
# Walk through all files in the directory that contains the files to copy
for root, dirs, files in os.walk(movdir):
    for filename in files:
        # I use absolute path, case you want to move several dirs.
        old_name = os.path.join( os.path.abspath(root), filename )

        # Separate base from extension
        base, extension = os.path.splitext(filename)

        # Initial new name
        new_name = os.path.join(basedir, base, filename)

        # If folder basedir/base does not exist... You don't want to create it?
        if not os.path.exists(os.path.join(basedir, base)):
            print os.path.join(basedir,base), "not found" 
            continue    # Next filename
        elif not os.path.exists(new_name):  # folder exists, file does not
            shutil.copy(old_name, new_name)
        else:  # folder exists, file exists as well
            ii = 1
            while True:
                new_name = os.path.join(basedir,base, base + "_" + str(ii) + extension)
                if not os.path.exists(new_name):
                   shutil.copy(old_name, new_name)
                   print "Copied", old_name, "as", new_name
                   break 
                ii += 1

Answer 2

我总是使用时间戳 - 所以不可能，文件已经存在：

import os
import shutil
import datetime

now = str(datetime.datetime.now())[:19]
now = now.replace(":","_")

src_dir="C:\\Users\\Asus\\Desktop\\Versand Verwaltung\\Versand.xlsx"
dst_dir="C:\\Users\\Asus\\Desktop\\Versand Verwaltung\\Versand_"+str(now)+".xlsx"
shutil.copy(src_dir,dst_dir)

Answer 3

对我来说 shutil.copy 是最好的：

import shutil

#make a copy of the invoice to work with
src="invoice.pdf"
dst="copied_invoice.pdf"
shutil.copy(src,dst)

您可以根据需要更改文件的路径。

Answer 4

我会说你有一个缩进问题，至少在你在这里写的时候：

while not os.path.exists(file + "_" + str(i) + extension):
   i+=1
   print "Already 2x exists..."
   print "Renaming"
   shutil.copy(path, file + "_" + str(i) + extension)

应该：

while os.path.exists(file + "_" + str(i) + extension):
    i+=1
print "Already 2x exists..."
print "Renaming"
shutil.copy(path, file + "_" + str(i) + extension)

看看这个，拜托！