Python-扩展类实例方法

Question

我正在创建“框架”来控制六足动物。 所以（简化）我有一个Servo课：

class Servo(object):
...
        def setAngle(self, angle):
                ##Executes order to move servo to specified angle
                ##Returns False if not possible or True if OK
                offsetAngle=self.offset+angle
                if not self.checkServoAngle(offsetAngle):
                        #Angle not within servo range
                        return=False
                else:
                        pwmvalue=self._convAngleToPWM(offsetAngle)
                        self._setPWM(pwmvalue)
                        self.angle=value
                        return=True
...

还有一个HexBone子类：

class HexBone(Servo):
    ## Servo.__init__ override:
    def __init__(self, I2C_ADDRESS, channel, length, startAngle, reversed=False, minAngle=NULL, maxAngle):       
        self = Servo(I2C_ADDRESS, channel, reversed, minAngle, maxAngle)

        #Setting bone length
        self.length=length
        #Positions bone in Starting Position 
        self.setAngle(startAngle)

还有一个HexLimb类：

class HexLimb(object):
    def __init__(self, I2C_ADDRESS, femurLength, tibiaLength, femurInv, tibiaInv):
        #Setting precision of Limb Positioning
        self.precision=1

        #Setting i2c address and servo channels
        self.femur = HexBone(I2C_ADDRESS, 1, femurLength, 45, femurInv, 5, 190)
        self.tibia = HexBone(I2C_ADDRESS, 2, tibiaLength, 90, tibiaInv, 5, 190)

    def calcPosition(self):
        L1=self.femur.length
        L2=self.tibia.length
        try:
            a1=90-self.femur.angle#########!!!!!!
            a2=180-self.tibia.angle
            self.x=L1*math.cos(math.radians(a1))+L2*math.cos(math.radians(a1-a2))
            self.y=L1*math.sin(math.radians(a1))+L2*math.sin(math.radians(a1-a2))
        except:
            return False
        else:
            return True

每当执行以下操作时，在HexLimb类中：self.femur.setAngle（30）我想调用self.calcPosition（）来重新计算肢体的尖端位置。

我一直在搜寻，找不到任何答案...我做错了吗？

（在下面相应地编辑评论）

Answer 1

您的HexLimb需要了解与它相连的HexBones的位置，以计算其位置。 但是作为Servo的HexBones还需要了解它们所连接的HexLimb ，以便它们可以触发对肢体位置的重新计算。

一种解决方案是在HexBones上HexBones对其附加的HexLimb的反向引用 。

在此示例中，我在两个骨骼的HexLimb.__init__()创建了一个称为limb的反向引用-您也可以将其称为parent以使其更通用。

from random import random

class Servo(object):
    """Servo controller"""
    def __init__(self):
        self.angle = 0

    def set_angle(self, angle):
        print "Setting angle to %s" % angle
        self.angle = angle
        # Let limb recalculate its position
        self.limb.calc_position()


class HexBone(Servo):
    """A bone that can be attached to a limb and moved."""
    def __init__(self, length):
        super(HexBone, self).__init__()
        self.length = length

        # Will be assigned later when attached to a limb
        self.limb = None


class HexLimb(object):
    """A limb consisting of several bones."""
    def __init__(self):
        self.femur = HexBone(42)
        self.femur.limb = self

        self.tibia = HexBone(30)
        self.tibia.limb = self

    def calc_position(self):
        print "Calculating position..."
        # Something that needs self.femur and self.tibia
        self.x = self.femur.length * random()
        self.y = self.tibia.length * random()

    def extend(self):
        self.tibia.set_angle(0)    # extend knee


left_leg = HexLimb()
left_leg.extend()

Answer 2

采纳Lukas Graf的建议，为了保持Servo类的通用性，我对代码进行了一些更改。 基本上，Servo（及其子类HexBone本身）将回调函数引用作为init的可选参数（默认为None）。 最后调用Servo.setAngle时 ，将执行回调函数。 代码如下：

from random import random


class Servo(object):
    """Servo controller"""
    def __init__(self, callback=None): #Servo takes a callback function as argument
        self.angle = 0
        self.callback=callback

    def set_angle(self, angle):
        print("Setting angle to %s" % angle)
        self.angle = angle
        # After angle set executes the callback function
        if self.callback is not None: self.callback()


class HexBone(Servo):
    """A bone that can be attached to a limb and moved."""
    def __init__(self, length, callback):
        super(HexBone, self).__init__(callback)
        self.length = length


class HexLimb(object):
    """A limb consisting of several bones."""
    def __init__(self):
        self.femur = HexBone(42, self.calc_position)
        self.femur.limb = self

        self.tibia = HexBone(30, self.calc_position)
        self.tibia.limb = self

    def calc_position(self):
        print("Calculating position...")
        # Something that needs self.femur and self.tibia
        self.x = self.femur.length * random()
        self.y = self.tibia.length * random()

    def extend(self):
        self.tibia.set_angle(0)    # extend knee


left_leg = HexLimb()
left_leg.extend()