在Mac OS X Yosemite 10.10.1上包含搜索路径

Question

我只是想改变包含搜索路径顺序（我相信）。

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我想更改包含搜索路径。 特别是，我首先需要/usr/local/include 。

但由于重复，它不会改变。 我该怎么改变它？

我想有默认设置，因为我没有指定的路径出现。 像/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 ， /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include

Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld -v ...
@(#)PROGRAM:ld  PROJECT:ld64-241.9
configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7m armv7em
Library search paths:
    /usr/lib
    /usr/local/lib
Framework search paths:
    /Library/Frameworks/
    /System/Library/Frameworks/

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图书馆搜索路径

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld -v ... @(#)PROGRAM:ld PROJECT:ld64-241.9 configured to support archs: armv6 armv7 armv7s arm64 i386 x86_64 x86_64h armv6m armv7m armv7em Library search paths: /usr/lib /usr/local/lib Framework search paths: /Library/Frameworks/ /System/Library/Frameworks/ 

肯定这是在make完成的ld 。

  "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/ld" -demangle -dynamic -dylib -arch x86_64 -macosx_version_min 10.10.0 -t -o .build_debug/lib/libcaffe.so -L/usr/local/lib -L/usr/lib -L/usr/local/atlas/lib .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/proto/caffe_pretty_print.pb.o .build_debug/src/caffe/blob.o .build_debug/src/caffe/common.o .build_debug/src/caffe/data_transformer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/internal_thread.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layer_factory.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/absval_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/accuracy_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/argmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/base_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/bnll_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/concat_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/contrastive_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_conv_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/cudnn_tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dropout_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/dummy_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/eltwise_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/euclidean_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/flatten_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hdf5_output_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/hinge_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/im2col_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/image_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/infogain_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/inner_product_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/lrn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/memory_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/multinomial_logistic_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/mvn_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/neuron_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/pooling_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/power_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/relu_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_cross_entropy_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/sigmoid_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/silence_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/slice_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/softmax_loss_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/split_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/tanh_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/threshold_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/layers/window_data_layer.o .build_debug/src/caffe/net.o .build_debug/src/caffe/solver.o .build_debug/src/caffe/syncedmem.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/benchmark.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/im2col.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/insert_splits.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/io.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/math_functions.o .build_debug/src/caffe/util/upgrade_proto.o -framework Accelerate -lglog -lgflags -lprotobuf -lleveldb -lsnappy -llmdb -lboost_system -lhdf5_hl -lhdf5 -lopencv_core -lopencv_highgui -lopencv_imgproc -lpthread -lboost_thread-mt -lcblas -lstdc++ -lSystem /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/lib/darwin/libclang_rt.osx.a 

那么......这条路/usr/include/c++/4.2.1来自哪里？

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我得到了一些提示吗？

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ g++ -print-search-dirs install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/ programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/ libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/ Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ clang++ -print-search-dirs programs: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin:/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin libraries: =/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0 M 

我不知道这是否与问题有关...

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc -print-search-dirs install: /usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/ programs: =/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/libexec/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/bin/ libraries: =/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/lib/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/local/lib/gcc/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/../../../:/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/lib/:/usr/lib/x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0/5.0.0/:/usr/lib/ Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ gcc --version gcc (GCC) 5.0.0 20141005 (experimental) Copyright (C) 2014 Free Software Foundation, Inc. This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. 

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等等， export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"不起作用......

什么都不指定

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0 #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1 /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward /usr/local/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include /usr/include /System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory) /Library/Frameworks (framework directory) End of search list. 

无法指定头文件!!

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/hdf5.h clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0 ignoring nonexistent directory "/usr/local/include/hdf5.h" #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1 /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward /usr/local/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include /usr/include /System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory) /Library/Frameworks (framework directory) End of search list. 

正如所料，重复的目录被忽略， 订单不会改变。

 Machida-no-MacBook-Air:caffe machidahiroaki$ echo | "/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang" -Wp,-v -stdlib=libstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only -I/usr/local/include/ clang -cc1 version 6.0 based upon LLVM 3.5svn default target x86_64-apple-darwin14.0.0 ignoring duplicate directory "/usr/local/include" as it is a non-system directory that duplicates a system directory #include "..." search starts here: #include <...> search starts here: /usr/include/c++/4.2.1 /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward /usr/local/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/../lib/clang/6.0/include /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/include /usr/include /System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory) /Library/Frameworks (framework directory) End of search list. 

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但是，我找到了clang的-include选项，它可以指定一个文件！

Answer 1

我想改变图书馆搜索路径......

在编译时，使用-L扩充库搜索路径。 你无法删除路径; 您只能添加比现有路径具有“更高”首选项的路径。

在运行时，您使用DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH ， DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH和朋友来更改库搜索路径。 请参阅dyld(1) OS X手册页 。

通常使用DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH来确保加载特定库而不是系统库。 它是一种覆盖默认行为的方法。 DYLD_FALLBACK_LIBRARY_PATH用于提供不是系统库的库。 它不那么具有侵入性，因为你不会取代系统路径。

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我首先需要/ usr / local / include ...

听起来有点奇怪，但......

$ export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/include
$ clang ...

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如果您从命令行进行交叉编译，则应该执行类似的操作。 诀窍是使用--sysroot自动引入平台的头文件和库，而不是用-I ， -L和-l攻击它们。

# Put cross compile tools on the PATH first
export PATH="/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/:$PATH"

# C compiler
export CC=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang

# C++ compiler
export CXX=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin/clang++

# SYSROOT brings in platform headers and libraries, No need for -I, -L and -l.
SYSROOT=/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/iPhoneOS.platform/Developer/SDKs/iPhoneOS7.1.sdk

# Compiler flags
export CFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"

# Compiler flags
export CXXFLAGS="-march armv7 -march armv7s --sysroot=$SYSROOT"

# Using defualt C++ runtime
$CXX $CXXFLAGS foo.c -o foo.exe

您还可以使用-stdlib=libstdc++指定GNU的运行时，使用-stdlib=libc++指定LLVM的运行时。

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根据您的更新：

<ld command and output omitted>
这个路径/usr/include/c++/4.2.1来自哪里？

/usr/include/c++/4.2.1 不在您的图书馆搜索路径中 。 它只是不存在。

这是包含路径的标头，您可以使用-I指定它。

如果要查看标题包含libstdc++和libc++路径，请执行以下操作：

# GNU C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=ibstdc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only

和：

# LLVM C++ runtime
$ echo | /usr/local/bin/clang++ -Wp,-v -stdlib=libc++ -x c++ - -fsyntax-only

这是我在OS X 10.8.5上得到的：

libstdc ++（GNU） ：

 /usr/include/c++/4.2.1
 /usr/include/c++/4.2.1/backward
 /usr/local/include
 /usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
 /usr/include
 /System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
 /Library/Frameworks (framework directory

libc ++（LLVM） ：

 /usr/local/include
 /usr/local/bin/../lib/clang/3.5.0/include
 /usr/include
 /System/Library/Frameworks (framework directory)
 /Library/Frameworks (framework directory)

所以/usr/include/c++/4.2.1是使用GNU的libstdc++ （而不是LLVM的libc++ ）时的内置编译器路径。 我会更进一步告诉你它在LLVM / Clang源代码中的硬编码（我经常从源代码构建LLVM / Clang）：

$ cd clang-sources/llvm
$ grep -R "/usr/include/c++/4.2.1" *
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp:      AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp:      AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp:      AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp:      AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",
tools/clang/lib/Frontend/InitHeaderSearch.cpp:      AddGnuCPlusPlusIncludePaths("/usr/include/c++/4.2.1",

使用--with-c-include-dirs构建LLVM / Clang时，可以添加其他包含路径。

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根据你的评论： “......如果我删除〜/ anaconda / include / hdf5.h ......” 。 如果您需要HDF5包的新路径，请使用以下内容：

export CPPFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export CXXFLAGS="-I/path/to/preferred/HDF5/hdf5.h"
export LDFLAGS="-L/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib"
./configure ...

你在CPPFLAGS也需要它，因为autotools可能会用它运行一些测试。

然后，在运行时：

export DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH=/path/to/preferred/HDF5/lib
./run_the_executable

如果您对HDF5执行静态链接，则可以执行步骤DYLD_LIBRARY_PATH 。 但请注意，OS X链接器始终使用共享对象或dynalib（ 如果可用）。 实际上，它忽略了您对静态链接的请求。 您将需要mv共享对象或dynalib偏离路径，同时在路径上保留存档。

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让水更-framework ...如果你在说“框架”的时候说“库”，那么请参阅Stack Overflow关于使用-framework选项的问题： Clang（LLVM）用框架编译 。

Answer 2

您可以进入项目设置并进行更改以轻松编辑库搜索路径。

看看我如何在这个测试项目截图中打开设置？ 我现在的项目中没有路径; 但在您的项目中，肯定会有重复的路径（或多个路径可以解析到同一个地方）。

Answer 3

• 开放式终端
• 运行gcc -V
• 阅读信息并复制包含路径。 我的是/Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Platforms/MacOSX.platform/Developer/SDKs/MacOSX10.11.sdk/usr/include/c++/4.2.1