相当于我的shell脚本curl命令的python'requests'API是什么？

Question

我有这个curl命令，我使用一个shell脚本：

curl -X POST -H 'Content-Type: application/json' \
--cert /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/${PEFQDN}.pem \
--key /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/${PEFQDN}.pem \
--cacert /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem \
--data "{ \"name\": \"$GROUP\", \"parent\": \"00000000-0000-4000-8000-000000000000\", \"environment\": \"production\", \"classes\": { \"$CLASS\": {}} }" \
https://${PEFQDN}:4433/classifier-api/v1/groups | python -m json.tool

我想摆脱我的shell脚本，因为我需要能够处理从REST API返回的一些复杂的json。 我想我会使用python和requests包。 我在看这份文件：

http://docs.python-requests.org/en/latest/user/quickstart/

但是我看不到可以在何处指定我的证书信息。 在我的shell脚本中，我可以传递curl这些选项：-- --cert ，-- --key ，-- --cacert 。 我不知道如何用python的requests API实现相同的功能。 有谁知道我该怎么做？

更新：谢谢乔兰。 这是我尝试编写python脚本来执行此操作的尝试：

#!/usr/bin/env python

import requests

# curl https://${PEFQDN}:4433/classifier-api/v1/groups \
# -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
# --cert /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/${PEFQDN}.pem \
# --key /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/${PEFQDN}.pem \
# --cacert /etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem | python -m json.tool

url='https://my-pm.example.com:4433/classifier-api/v1/groups'
headers = {"Content-Type: application/json"}
data={}
cacert='/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/ca.pem'
key='/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/private_keys/my-pm.example.com.pem'
cert='/etc/puppetlabs/puppet/ssl/certs/my-pm.example.com.pem'
result = requests.get(url,
        data=data, #whatever data
        headers=headers, #dict {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
        verify=cert,
        cert=(cacert,key) #key/cert pair 
        )
print result.json()

我一定做错了，因为这是我得到的输出...

# ./add-group.py 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "./add-group.py", line 21, in <module>
    cert=(cacert,key) #key/cert pair 
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/api.py", line 69, in get
    return request('get', url, params=params, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/api.py", line 50, in request
    response = session.request(method=method, url=url, **kwargs)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/sessions.py", line 451, in request
    prep = self.prepare_request(req)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/sessions.py", line 382, in prepare_request
    hooks=merge_hooks(request.hooks, self.hooks),
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/models.py", line 293, in prepare
    self.prepare_headers(headers)
  File "/usr/lib/python2.7/site-packages/requests-2.7.0-py2.7.egg/requests/models.py", line 401, in prepare_headers
    self.headers = CaseInsensitiveDict((to_native_string(name), value) for name, value in headers.items())
AttributeError: 'set' object has no attribute 'items'

我在这里做错了什么？

谢谢

Answer 1

headers = {"Content-Type: application/json"}

应该更改为

headers = {"Content-Type": "application/json"}

看起来请求API需要字典，而{“ Content-Type：application / json”}显然是Python集。

Answer 2

result = requests.get(url,
        data=data, #whatever data
        headers=headers, #dict {"Content-Type":"application/json"}
        cert=(cacert,key),#key/cert pair 
        verify="cert_chain.pem" 
        )
print result.json() #depending on version of requests, json may be a function or a property

该链接会有所帮助

http://docs.python-requests.org/zh_CN/latest/user/advanced/#ssl-cert-verification

Answer 3

我写了这个python脚本来做到这一点：

http://redcricketblog.blogspot.com/2015/05/adding-groups-adding-classes-to-group.html