Linux：如何替换文件中包含引号和逗号的文本字符串

Question

我不是awk，perl或sed的佼佼者，而且我不知道如何替换文件中的文本字符串。

该字符串有点不寻常。 实际上，有2个文件需要我自动替换为1个文件。

该文件包含一行很长的JSON格式的文本。 每行替换将不起作用。

这是我需要替换的文字。 从：

"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",

至

"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",

如您所见，在文本中需要输入引号和斜杠，以及逗号和库和对象的多次出现，这使我目前对sed，awk和perl的了解毫无用处。

如何在文本“库”和“对象”中添加“ pack /”前缀？

Answer 1

请不要尝试对JSON使用正则表达式。 真讨厌 使用JSON解析器：

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON; 

my $json_str = '{ "minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects" }';

my $json_ob = decode_json($json_str);

print "Before:", $json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'},"\n";

#pattern replace just the values we're interested in.
$json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'} =~ s,^,pack/,;
$json_ob -> {'objectsLocation'} =~ s,^,pack/,;

print "After: ", $json_ob -> {'librariesLocation'},"\n";

#print single line text blob
print encode_json($json_ob);
print "\n\n";

## or perhaps (formatted, multiline, whitespace):

print to_json($json_ob, { canonical => 1, pretty => 1 } );

这适用于粗略示例-如果您想要更好的示例，请给我更多JSON，然后我将重新起草。

输出：

Before:libraries
After: pack/libraries
{"objectsLocation":"pack/objects","minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries"}

{
   "librariesLocation" : "pack/libraries",
   "minimumVersion" : 2,
   "objectsLocation" : "pack/objects"
}

编辑：要从文件中执行此操作：

local $/; 
open ( my $input, '<', 'source_filename_here' ) or die $!;
open ( my $output, '>', 'output_filename_here' ) or die $!;

my $json_ob = decode_json(<$input>);
#do the transforms

print {$output} encode_json($json_ob); 

或者（从sed / grep等从STDIN打印读取到STDOUT）：

#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;

my @stuff_to_change = qw ( librariesLocation objectsLocation );

local $/;

#read from stdin or arg on commmand line. E.g.:
#myscript.pl somefile
#cat json_file | myscript.pl
my $json_ob = decode_json(<>);

#pattern replace just the values we're interested in.
for my $thing (@stuff_to_change) {
    $json_ob->{$thing} =~ s,^,pack/,;
}

#print single line text blob to STDOUT
print encode_json($json_ob);

Answer 2

如何在文本“库”和“对象”中添加“ pack /”前缀？

一个简单的sed命令如何：

echo '"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",' > file

sed 's~"\(libraries\|objects\)"~"pack/\1"~g' file

输出：

"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",

---

要运行ssh：

ssh ip<<'EOF'
sed -i 's~"libraries"~"pack/&"~; s~"objects"~"pack/&"~' file.json 
EOF

Answer 3

sed-就地将完成正确的转义

$ echo '"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects",' > text.txt      
$ sed --in-place 's/"\(libraries\|objects\)"/"pack\/\1"/g' text.txt
$ cat text.txt 
  "minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",

用"pack/libraries"替换模式"libraries" （使用分组和匹配模式的重用）

Answer 4

通过正确的JSON输入，您可以使用jq ：

$ jq '.librariesLocation |= "pack/"+., .objectsLocation |= "pack/"+.' <<EOF
{"minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"libraries","objectsLocation":"objects"}
EOF
{
  "minimumVersion": 2,
  "librariesLocation": "pack/libraries",
  "objectsLocation": "objects"
}
{
  "minimumVersion": 2,
  "librariesLocation": "libraries",
  "objectsLocation": "pack/objects"
}

如果输入仅仅是一个逗号分隔的键/值对的列表，你也许可以使用jq滤波前把它变成一个正确的JSON对象，但我不知道jq不够好，还没有弄清楚如何。

Answer 5

awk '{gsub(/libraries",|objects",/, "pack/&")}1' file
minimumVersion":2,"librariesLocation":"pack/libraries","objectsLocation":"pack/objects",