遍历XML文件的所有元素

Question

我有一个像这样的XML文件：

<CustomerOrders>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-08-25</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10692</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-10-03</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>Alfreds Futterkiste</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10308</OrderID>
  <CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID>
  <OrderDate>1996-09-18</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
</CustomerOrders>

我想提取每个元素以转换为小写。 我知道我可以递归遍历所有节点和子节点，但是我在输出实际元素方面很费劲。

现在在我的代码中，我只是打印所有标签及其属性，还可以手动打印出元素

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse('customer.xml')
root = tree.getroot()
for descendant in root.findall(".//*"):
    print descendant.tag, descendant.attrib
print root[0][1][0].text #prints 10643

我想要的是能够打印出文件的每个元素，并将它们全部转换为小写。

预期产量：

CustomerID = alfki
OrderID = 10643
CustomerID = alfki
OrderDate = 1997-08025
OrderID = 10692         
CustomerID = alfki
OrderDate = 1997-10-03
CompanyName = alfreds futterkiste

等等

Answer 1

我的尝试如下

import lxml.etree as et


s="""

<CustomerOrders>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-08-25</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10692</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>ALFKI</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-10-03</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>Alfreds Futterkiste</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10308</OrderID>
  <CustomerID>ANATR</CustomerID>
  <OrderDate>1996-09-18</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>Ana Trujillo Emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
</CustomerOrders>

"""


tree = et.fromstring(s)

for txt in tree.xpath('//text()/parent::*[1]'):
   txt.text = "%s"%txt.text.lower()

print et.tostring(tree, pretty_print=True)

它打印-

<CustomerOrders>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-08-25</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10692</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-10-03</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>alfreds futterkiste</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>anatr</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10308</OrderID>
  <CustomerID>anatr</CustomerID>
  <OrderDate>1996-09-18</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>ana trujillo emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
</CustomerOrders>

Answer 2

考虑使用通过translate()函数使用XSLT 。 作为信息，XSLT是一种专用的编程语言，用于转换，样式化，重新格式化和重新构造XML文档。 您可以避免在Python中跨所有节点和文本进行递归循环。

XSLT脚本（另存为.xsl或.xslt，以包含在Python中）

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<xsl:stylesheet version="1.0" xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform">
<xsl:output omit-xml-declaration="yes" indent="yes"/>
<xsl:strip-space elements="*"/>

<xsl:variable name="lowercase" select="'abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz'" />
<xsl:variable name="uppercase" select="'ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ'" />

 <!-- Identity Transform -->
 <xsl:template match="@*|node()">
   <xsl:copy>
     <xsl:apply-templates select="node()"/>
   </xsl:copy>
 </xsl:template>

 <xsl:template match="text()">       
     <xsl:value-of select="translate(., $uppercase, $lowercase)"/>       
 </xsl:template>      
</xsl:stylesheet>

Python脚本

import lxml.etree as ET

dom = ET.parse('customer.xml'))
xslt = ET.parse('XSLTscript.xsl'))
transform = ET.XSLT(xslt)
newdom = transform(dom)

tree_out = ET.tostring(newdom, encoding='UTF-8', pretty_print=True, xml_declaration=True)
print(tree_out)

xmlfile = open(os.path.join(cd, 'Output.xml'),'wb')
xmlfile.write(tree_out)
xmlfile.close()

输出量

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?>
<CustomerOrders>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10643</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-08-25</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10692</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>alfki</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1997-10-03</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>alfreds futterkiste</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
  <Customers>
    <CustomerID>anatr</CustomerID>
    <Orders>
      <OrderID>10308</OrderID>
      <CustomerID>anatr</CustomerID>
      <OrderDate>1996-09-18</OrderDate>
    </Orders>
    <CompanyName>ana trujillo emparedados y helados</CompanyName>
  </Customers>
</CustomerOrders>