使用Shell脚本解析JSON

Question

我是JSON的新手，并为此做了一些代码。 我有一个file.sh文件，它具有代码

echo $1 #for getting email
echo "json": $2

当我写命令时

sh file.sh ss@gmail.com '{"name":"hi","age":"30"}'

输出为：

ss@gmail.com
json: {"name":"hi","age":"30"}

因此，我想在shell脚本中编写一些代码，以便如果我不想年龄，我将只打印姓名。

Answer 1

所以代替：

$> sh so_shell_json.sh ss@gmail.com '{"name":"hi","age":"30"}' 
ss@gmail.com
json: {"name":"hi","age":"30"}

您需要这样做（通过删除双引号和花括号）：

$> sh so_shell_json.sh ss@gmail.com '{"name":"hi","age":"30"}'
ss@gmail.com
json: name:hi,age:30

没问题（但很脆弱），这是修改后的file.sh ：

#! /bin/bash
echo $1 #for getting email
echo "json": $(echo $2|tr -d '"{}')

将是一个快速的黑客。 但我建议学习tad shell编程，尤其是。 printf，shell linters等将带给您很长的路要走。 还有一些不错的json解析器和美化器/过滤器，您可以在shell脚本中简单地调用它们，它们应该更快，更优雅，更鲁棒，更易于维护。

在这里，我们使用tr ，它从translate characters派生出unix'ish名称。

在我的系统上，手册页（ man tr ）显示：

 TR(1)                     BSD General Commands Manual                    TR(1)

 NAME
      tr -- translate characters

 SYNOPSIS
      tr [-Ccsu] string1 string2
      tr [-Ccu] -d string1
      tr [-Ccu] -s string1
      tr [-Ccu] -ds string1 string2

 DESCRIPTION
      The tr utility copies the standard input to the standard output with substitution or deletion of selected characters.

      The following options are available:

      -C      Complement the set of characters in string1, that is ``-C ab'' includes every character except for `a' and `b'.  # ' to silence the web beauties linter ...

      -c      Same as -C but complement the set of values in string1.

      -d      Delete characters in string1 from the input.

      -s      Squeeze multiple occurrences of the characters listed in the last operand (either string1 or string2) in the input into a single instance of the
              character.  This occurs after all deletion and translation is completed.

      -u      Guarantee that any output is unbuffered.

      In the first synopsis form, the characters in string1 are translated into the characters in string2 where the first character in string1 is translated
      into the first character in string2 and so on.  If string1 is longer than string2, the last character found in string2 is duplicated until string1 is
      exhausted.

      In the second synopsis form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input.

      In the third synopsis form, the characters in string1 are compressed as described for the -s option.

      In the fourth synopsis form, the characters in string1 are deleted from the input, and the characters in string2 are compressed as described for the -s
      option.

      The following conventions can be used in string1 and string2 to specify sets of characters:

      character  Any character not described by one of the following conventions represents itself.

      \octal     A backslash followed by 1, 2 or 3 octal digits represents a character with that encoded value.  To follow an octal sequence with a digit as a
                 character, left zero-pad the octal sequence to the full 3 octal digits.

      \character
                 A backslash followed by certain special characters maps to special values.

                 \a    <alert character>
                 \b    <backspace>
                 \f    <form-feed>
                 \n    <newline>
                 \r    <carriage return>
                 \t    <tab>
                 \v    <vertical tab>

                 A backslash followed by any other character maps to that character.

      c-c        For non-octal range endpoints represents the range of characters between the range endpoints, inclusive, in ascending order, as defined by the
                 collation sequence.  If either or both of the range endpoints are octal sequences, it represents the range of specific coded values between the
                 range endpoints, inclusive.

                 See the COMPATIBILITY section below for an important note regarding differences in the way the current implementation interprets range expres-
                 sions differently from previous implementations.

      [:class:]  Represents all characters belonging to the defined character class.  Class names are:

                 alnum        <alphanumeric characters>
                 alpha        <alphabetic characters>
                 blank        <whitespace characters>
                 cntrl        <control characters>
                 digit        <numeric characters>
                 graph        <graphic characters>
                 ideogram     <ideographic characters>
                 lower        <lower-case alphabetic characters>
                 phonogram    <phonographic characters>
                 print        <printable characters>
                 punct        <punctuation characters>
                 rune         <valid characters>
                 space        <space characters>
                 special      <special characters>
                 upper        <upper-case characters>
                 xdigit       <hexadecimal characters>

                 When ``[:lower:]'' appears in string1 and ``[:upper:]'' appears in the same relative position in string2, it represents the characters pairs
                 from the toupper mapping in the LC_CTYPE category of the current locale.  When ``[:upper:]'' appears in string1 and ``[:lower:]'' appears in
                 the same relative position in string2, it represents the characters pairs from the tolower mapping in the LC_CTYPE category of the current
                 locale.

                 With the exception of case conversion, characters in the classes are in unspecified order.

                 For specific information as to which ASCII characters are included in these classes, see ctype(3) and related manual pages.

      [=equiv=]  Represents all characters belonging to the same equivalence class as equiv, ordered by their encoded values.

      [#*n]      Represents n repeated occurrences of the character represented by #.  This expression is only valid when it occurs in string2.  If n is omitted
                 or is zero, it is be interpreted as large enough to extend string2 sequence to the length of string1.  If n has a leading zero, it is inter-
                 preted as an octal value, otherwise, it is interpreted as a decimal value.

 ENVIRONMENT
      The LANG, LC_ALL, LC_CTYPE and LC_COLLATE environment variables affect the execution of tr as described in environ(7).

 EXIT STATUS
      The tr utility exits 0 on success, and >0 if an error occurs.

 EXAMPLES
      The following examples are shown as given to the shell:

      Create a list of the words in file1, one per line, where a word is taken to be a maximal string of letters.

            tr -cs "[:alpha:]" "\n" < file1

      Translate the contents of file1 to upper-case.

            tr "[:lower:]" "[:upper:]" < file1

      (This should be preferred over the traditional UNIX idiom of ``tr a-z A-Z'', since it works correctly in all locales.)

      Strip out non-printable characters from file1.

            tr -cd "[:print:]" < file1

      Remove diacritical marks from all accented variants of the letter `e':

            tr "[=e=]" "e"

 COMPATIBILITY
      Previous FreeBSD implementations of tr did not order characters in range expressions according to the current locale's collation order, making it possible
      to convert unaccented Latin characters (esp. as found in English text) from upper to lower case using the traditional UNIX idiom of ``tr A-Z a-z''.  Since
      tr now obeys the locale's collation order, this idiom may not produce correct results when there is not a 1:1 mapping between lower and upper case, or
      when the order of characters within the two cases differs.  As noted in the EXAMPLES section above, the character class expressions ``[:lower:]'' and
      ``[:upper:]'' should be used instead of explicit character ranges like ``a-z'' and ``A-Z''.

      System V has historically implemented character ranges using the syntax ``[c-c]'' instead of the ``c-c'' used by historic BSD implementations and stan-
      dardized by POSIX.  System V shell scripts should work under this implementation as long as the range is intended to map in another range, i.e., the com-
      mand ``tr [a-z] [A-Z]'' will work as it will map the `[' character in string1 to the `[' character in string2.  However, if the shell script is deleting
      or squeezing characters as in the command ``tr -d [a-z]'', the characters `[' and `]' will be included in the deletion or compression list which would not
      have happened under a historic System V implementation.  Additionally, any scripts that depended on the sequence ``a-z'' to represent the three characters
      `a', `-' and `z' will have to be rewritten as ``a\-z''.

      The tr utility has historically not permitted the manipulation of NUL bytes in its input and, additionally, stripped NUL's from its input stream.  This
      implementation has removed this behavior as a bug.

      The tr utility has historically been extremely forgiving of syntax errors, for example, the -c and -s options were ignored unless two strings were speci-
      fied.  This implementation will not permit illegal syntax.

 STANDARDS
      The tr utility conforms to IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'').

      It should be noted that the feature wherein the last character of string2 is duplicated if string2 has less characters than string1 is permitted by POSIX
      but is not required.  Shell scripts attempting to be portable to other POSIX systems should use the ``[#*]'' convention instead of relying on this behav-
      ior.  The -u option is an extension to the IEEE Std 1003.1-2001 (``POSIX.1'') standard.

 BSD                              July 23, 2004                             BSD