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相同的数字代码返回不同的输出,无论是在C ++还是C中

[英]Same numerical code returns different output whether it is in C++ or C

给我一个示例C ++数值代码,它以三种不同的方式计算导数。 我必须将其转换为C。我认为由于原来使用cmath不会给我带来任何问题,但是我错了。 这是原始代码:

#include <iostream>
#include<string>
#include <cmath>
#include <fstream>
using namespace std;


double metoda_pochodna_1(int x, double h)
{
    return (sin(x+h) - sin(x)) / h;
}   
double metoda_pochodna_2(int x, double h)
{
    return (sin(x+(0.5*h)) - sin(x-(0.5*h))) / h;
}
double metoda_pochodna_3(int x, double h)
{
    return ((sin(x-2*h) - 8*sin(x-h) + 8*sin(x+h) - sin(x+2*h)) / (12*h));
}


int main()
{
    double h, w1, w2, w3, kos = cos(1.0);
    int x=1;
    ofstream wyniki;
    wyniki.open("wyniki.dat");

    for (h = pow(10.0, -15.0); h < 1; h *= 1.01) 
    {
        w1 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_1(x,h) - kos));
        w2 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_2(x,h) - kos));
        w3 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_3(x,h) - kos));
        wyniki << log10(h)<<"  "<< w1 <<"  "<< w2 <<"  "<< w3 << "\n";
        cout << log10(h)<<"  "<< w1 <<"  "<< w2 <<"  "<< w3 << "\n";
    }

    wyniki.close();
    cout << endl;
    /*system("pause");*/ //uruchamiane z windowsa
    return 0;
}

这是我的C版本; 我只是更改了文件处理。 注意:我在故障排除期间更改为long double ,但是结果输出与使用常规double的版本完全相同。

#include <math.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>



long double metoda_pochodna_1(int x,long  double h)
{
    return (sin(x+h) - sin(x)) / h;
}   
long double metoda_pochodna_2(int x,long  double h)
{
    return (sin(x+(0.5*h)) - sin(x-(0.5*h))) / h;
}
long double metoda_pochodna_3(int x, long double h)
{
    return ((sin(x-2*h) - 8*sin(x-h) + 8*sin(x+h) - sin(x+2*h)) / (12*h));
}


int main()
{
    long double h, w1, w2, w3, kos = cos(1.0);
    int x=1;
    FILE * file;
    file = fopen("wyniki.dat","w+");


    for (h = pow(10.0, -15.0); h < 1; h *= 1.01) 
    {
        w1 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_1(x,h) - kos));
        w2 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_2(x,h) - kos));
        w3 = log10(abs(metoda_pochodna_3(x,h) - kos));
        fprintf(file,"%f %Lf %Lf %Lf\n",log10(h), w1,w2,w3);
        printf("%f %Lf %Lf %Lf\n",log10(h), w1,w2,w3);
        //wyniki << log10(h)<<"  "<< w1 <<"  "<< w2 <<"  "<< w3 << "\n";
        //cout << log10(h)<<"  "<< w1 <<"  "<< w2 <<"  "<< w3 << "\n";
    }

    fclose(file);
    printf("\n");
    return 0;
}

这是C ++代码的输出,我假设它是正确的:

 -15 -1.82947 -1.82947 -1.28553 -14.9957 -2.03091 -2.03091 -1.33768 14.9914 -2.41214 -2.41214 -1.39632 -14.987 -2.81915 -2.81915 -1.46341 

[...]

这是C版本的输出,显然是不同的(前一行的附加精度来自long double ,但其他三列均为-inf ,无论使用double还是long double ):

 -15.000000 -inf -inf -inf -14.995679 -inf -inf -inf -14.991357 -inf -inf -inf -14.987036 -inf -inf -inf 

[...]

转换后的代码有什么问题?

您正在使用abs ,它是一个整数函数。 C浮点函数是fabs 将三行更改为

w1 = log10(fabs(metoda_pochodna_1(x,h) - kos));
w2 = log10(fabs(metoda_pochodna_2(x,h) - kos));
w3 = log10(fabs(metoda_pochodna_3(x,h) - kos));

程序输出更合理的值。

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