Python 错误：需要类似字节的对象，而不是“str”

Question

在 FBCrawl.py 中调用 data_storage.py 中的函数 data_save_csv(write data in .csv file)，但它错误：TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str', 你能告诉我如何解决它

FBCrawl.py：

header = ["id","name","administrator"]
data_storage.data_save_csv("group_members",group_info_result,"1610393525875114",header)

数据存储.py：

#write data in .csv file
def data_save_csv(type,data,id_name,header,since = None):
    #get the date when storage data
    date_storage()
    #create the data storage directory
    csv_parent_directory = os.path.join("dataset","csv",type,glovar.date)
    directory_create(csv_parent_directory)
    #write data in .csv
    if type == "group_members":
        csv_file_prefix = "gm"
    if since:
        csv_file_name = csv_file_prefix + "_" + since.strftime("%Y%m%d-%H%M%S") + "_" + time_storage() + id_name + ".csv"
    else:
        csv_file_name = csv_file_prefix + "_"  + time_storage() + "_" + id_name + ".csv"
    csv_file_directory = os.path.join(csv_parent_directory,csv_file_name)

    with open(csv_file_directory,'wb') as csvfile:
        writer = csv.writer(csvfile,delimiter=',',quotechar='"',quoting=csv.QUOTE_MINIMAL)

        #csv header

        writer.writerow(header)

        row = []
        for i in range(len(data)):
            for k in data[i].keys():
                row.extend(data[i][k])
                writer.writerow(row)

错误：

C:\Python\Python36\python.exe     
C:/Python/PyCharmProject/FaceBookCrawl/FBCrawl.py
1060327860756932|Qp-F2RNW_n5HxrVPP2saNJA4PB0
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "C:/Python/PyCharmProject/FaceBookCrawl/FBCrawl.py", line 225, in <module>
 data_storage.data_save_csv("group_members",group_info_result,"1610393525875114",header)
File "C:\Python\PyCharmProject\FaceBookCrawl\data_storage.py", line 43, in data_save_csv
writer.writerow(header)
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'

Process finished with exit code 1

Answer 1

写入者引用的 CSV 文件是用wb （写入二进制）标志打开的，这意味着您必须使用字节数组来写入它。

编写时只需将header转换为字节数组：

writer.writerow(header.encode())

---

您也可以仅使用w标志打开文件（这将允许您编写字符串）：

open(csv_file_directory, 'w')

Answer 2

如果您使用的是python3，写入模式应该是'w'，而不是'wb'。

>>> import csv
>>> headers = ['ab', 'cd']
>>> with open('out.csv', 'wb') as f:
...     writer = csv.writer(f)
...     writer.writerow(headers)
... 
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "<stdin>", line 3, in <module>
TypeError: a bytes-like object is required, not 'str'


>>> with open('out.csv', 'w', newline='') as f:
...     writer = csv.writer(f)
...     writer.writerow(headers)
... 
7
>>> 

'wb' 是二进制模式，因此 python3 假设您将编码的字节串写入文件； 'w' 是text mode ，因此 python3 需要 unicode 字符串，这是您的标题列表包含的内容。