`如何通过`pip3`和`vtk`安装和运行`mayavi`？

Question

我的系统是Ubuntu 16.04，Python版本是3.5。 我已经使用Python包装器将vtk 7.1.0安装到/home/why/software/vtk/7.1.0/ 。 此外，我.bashrc下行添加到.bashrc

export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/why/software/vtk/7.1.0/lib/python3.5/site-packages

我可以在ipython3中导入vtk并正常使用。

但是当我通过安装mayavi

sudo -H pip3 install mayavi

我收到以下错误：

  Running setup.py bdist_wheel for mayavi ... error
  Complete output from command /usr/bin/python3 -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-1_ze16zr/mayavi/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmp55qp27ekpip-wheel- --python-tag cp35:
  running bdist_wheel
  running build
  Traceback (most recent call last):
    File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
    File "/tmp/pip-build-1_ze16zr/mayavi/setup.py", line 499, in <module>
      **config
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/numpy/distutils/core.py", line 169, in setup
      return old_setup(**new_attr)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/core.py", line 148, in setup
      dist.run_commands()
    File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
      self.run_command(cmd)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/usr/lib/python3/dist-packages/wheel/bdist_wheel.py", line 179, in run
      self.run_command('build')
    File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
      self.distribution.run_command(command)
    File "/usr/lib/python3.5/distutils/dist.py", line 974, in run_command
      cmd_obj.run()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-1_ze16zr/mayavi/setup.py", line 311, in run
      build_tvtk_classes_zip()
    File "/tmp/pip-build-1_ze16zr/mayavi/setup.py", line 297, in build_tvtk_classes_zip
      gen_tvtk_classes_zip()
    File "tvtk/setup.py", line 50, in gen_tvtk_classes_zip
      from tvtk.code_gen import TVTKGenerator
    File "/tmp/pip-build-1_ze16zr/mayavi/tvtk/code_gen.py", line 10, in <module>
      import vtk
  ImportError: No module named 'vtk'

如何解决这个问题？ 非常感谢您的帮助。

编辑：

根据mayavi建议，我现在可以安装mayavi 。 但是我运行一个简单的测试，如下所示：

In [1]: import numpy as np
In [2]: from mayavi import mlab
In [3]: x, y, z, value = np.random.random((4, 40))
In [4]: mlab.points3d(x, y, z, value)
Out[4]: <mayavi.modules.glyph.Glyph at 0x7f3190ffca98>

我只是得到一个灰色的死窗口，里面没有任何图形。 那么如何解决这个问题呢？

Answer 1

第1部分-安装

如果要/需要以root身份安装，请先更改为root，然后导出PYTHONPATH ：

sudo -s
export PYTHONPATH=$PYTHONPATH:/home/why/software/vtk/7.1.0/lib/python3.5/site-packages
pip3 install mayavi

Root无法确认您设置为其他用户的环境变量。

第2部分-Mayavi

您需要调用mlab.show()来显示您的可视化效果：

import numpy as np
from mayavi import mlab

x, y, z, value = np.random.random((4, 40))
mlab.points3d(x, y, z, value)
mlab.show()