dic python，lxml和xml的xpath

Question

有没有一种快速的方法，可以在Python中使用来自lxml的xpath将以下xml转换为字典？ 还是其他有效的方法？

<rec item="1">
    <tag name="atr1">random text</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>
<rec item="2">
    <tag name="atr1">random text2</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text2</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>
<rec item="3">
    <tag name="atr1">random text3</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text3</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>

需要像这样的字典，或其他类似符号：

dic = [
    {    
        'attr1':'random text',
        'attr2':'random text'
    },
    {    
        'attr1':'random text2',
        'attr2':'random text2'
    },
    {    
        'attr1':'random text3',
        'attr2':'random text3'
    }
]

Answer 1

您可以将列表理解与字典理解一起使用：

[{ tag.xpath('string(@name)') : tag.xpath('string()') for tag in record.xpath('tag')} for record in records.xpath('//rec')]

这是一个完整的示例：

from lxml import etree as ET
xml = '''<records>
<rec item="1">
    <tag name="atr1">random text</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>
<rec item="2">
    <tag name="atr1">random text2</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text2</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>
<rec item="3">
    <tag name="atr1">random text3</tag>
    <tag name="atr2">random text3</tag>
    ..................................        
</rec>
</records>'''
records = ET.fromstring(xml)
rec_list = [{ tag.xpath('string(@name)') : tag.xpath('string()') for tag in rec.xpath('tag') } for rec in records.xpath('rec')]
print(rec_list)

产出

[{'atr1': 'random text', 'atr2': 'random text'}, {'atr1': 'random text2', 'atr2': 'random text2'}, {'atr1': 'random text3', 'atr2': 'random text3'}]

Answer 2

您可以尝试以下代码：

source = lxml.etree.fromstring('xml_source_is_here')
[{attr:text} for attr,text in zip(source.xpath('//tag/@name'), source.xpath('//tag/text()'))]

输出：

[{'atr1': 'random text'}, {'atr2': 'random text'}, 
{'atr1': 'random text2'}, {'atr2': 'random text2'}, 
{'atr1': 'random text3'}, {'atr2': 'random text3'}]