openPyXL - 在取消合并期间为单元格范围赋值

Question

所以我有一个 excel 文件，每个文件都有几个工作表，我正在编写脚本，如果它们存在于文件中，它将从选定的工作表中收集数据并将其合并到一个大工作表中。 通常它正在工作，遍历文件，如果存在需要的工作表，它会找到包含数据的单元格范围并将其附加到数据帧。 我现在需要做的是向 Dataframe 添加标题行（列名），但在工作表中这些是多行标题。

为了使其在数据框中看起来相同，我需要取消合并顶部标题行中的单元格，并将值从第一个单元格复制到之前合并的范围内的其余单元格）。

我正在使用 OpenPyXL 来访问 Excel 表格。 我的函数接收工作表作为唯一参数。 它看起来像这样：

def checkForMergedCells(sheet):
    merged = ws.merged_cell_ranges
    for mergedCell in merged:
        mc_start, mc_stop = str(mergedCell).split(':')
        cp_value = sheet[mc_start]
        sheet.unmerge_cells(mergedCell)
        cell_range = sheet[mergedCell]
        for cell in cell_range:
            cell.value = cp_value

问题是 cell_range 返回一个元组，最终得到错误消息：

AttributeError: 'tuple' object has no attribute 'value' 下面您可以在调试期间看到屏幕截图，其中显示了在每个变量中传递的值。

调试器运行

Answer 1

按索引访问通常会返回一个元组元组，除非您尝试获取单个单元格或行。 对于编程访问，您应该使用iter_rows()或iter_cols()

您可能想花一些时间查看utils模块。

from openpyxl.utils import range_boundaries

for group in ws.merged_cell_ranges:
     min_col, min_row, max_col, max_row = range_boundaries(group)
     top_left_cell_value = ws.cell(row=min_row, column=min_col).value
     for row in ws.iter_rows(min_col=min_col, min_row=min_row, max_col=max_col, max_row=max_row):
         for cell in row:
             cell.value = top_left_cell_value

Answer 2

以前的答案都不起作用。 所以我详细阐述了这个，测试了它，它对我有用。

from openpyxl.utils import range_boundaries
wb = load_workbook('Example.xlsx')

sheets = wb.sheetnames  ##['Sheet1', 'Sheet2']
for i,sheet in enumerate(sheets):
    ws = wb[sheets[i]]
    
    # you need a separate list to iterate on (see explanation #2 below)
    mergedcells =[]  
    for group in ws.merged_cells.ranges:
        mergedcells.append(group)
    
    for group in mergedcells:
        min_col, min_row, max_col, max_row = group.bounds 
        top_left_cell_value = ws.cell(row=min_row, column=min_col).value
        ws.unmerge_cells(str(group))   # you need to unmerge before writing (see explanation #1 below)
        for irow in range(min_row, max_row+1):
            for jcol in range(min_col, max_col+1): 
                ws.cell(row = irow, column = jcol, value = top_left_cell_value)

 

@Дмитро Олександрович 几乎是对的，但我不得不改变一些事情来修复他的答案：

1. 您将遇到AttributeError: 'MergedCell' object attribute 'value' is read-only错误，因为您需要在更改其值之前取消合并合并的单元格。 （见这里： https : //foss.heptapod.net/openpyxl/openpyxl/-/issues/1228 ）

2. 您不能直接在 ws.merged_cells.ranges 上迭代，因为在 python 中迭代“范围”列表对象并更改它（例如使用unmerge_cells函数或pop函数）将导致仅更改一半的对象（请参见此处： https://foss.heptapod.net/openpyxl/openpyxl/-/issues/1085 ）。 您需要创建一个不同的列表并对其进行迭代。

Answer 3

以下来自http://thequickblog.com/merge-unmerge-cells-openpyxl-in-python/ 的代码对我有用。

import openpyxl 
from openpyxl.utils import range_boundaries
wbook=openpyxl.load_workbook("openpyxl_merge_unmerge.xlsx")
sheet=wbook["unmerge_sample"]
for cell_group in sheet.merged_cells.ranges:
    min_col, min_row, max_col, max_row = range_boundaries(str(cell_group))
    top_left_cell_value = sheet.cell(row=min_row, column=min_col).value
    sheet.unmerge_cells(str(cell_group))
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_col=min_col, min_row=min_row, max_col=max_col, max_row=max_row):
        for cell in row:
            cell.value = top_left_cell_value
wbook.save("openpyxl_merge_unmerge.xlsx")
exit()

Answer 4

在我这样做之前，我收到了错误和弃用警告：

from openpyxl.utils import range_boundaries

for group in sheet.merged_cells.ranges: # merged_cell_ranges deprecated
    display(range_boundaries(group._get_range_string())) # expects a string instead of an object
    min_col, min_row, max_col, max_row = range_boundaries(group._get_range_string())
    top_left_cell_value = sheet.cell(row=min_row, column=min_col).value
    for row in sheet.iter_rows(min_col=min_col, min_row=min_row, max_col=max_col, max_row=max_row):
        for cell in row:
            cell.value = top_left_cell_value

Answer 5

关于@Charlie Clark 的选定答案和其他使用http://thequickblog.com/merge-unmerge-cells-openpyxl-in-python代码的答案，您可以更轻松地取消合并单元格，而无需处理range_boundaries和这些转换。

就我而言，我想像这样取消合并单元格，同时复制边框、字体和对齐信息：

                    +-------+------+
+-------+------+    | Date  | Time |
| Date  | Time |    +=======+======+
+=======+======+ -> | Aug 6 | 1:00 |
|       | 1:00 |    +-------+------+
| Aug 6 | 3:00 |    | Aug 6 | 3:00 |
|       | 6:00 |    +-------+------+
+-------+------+    | Aug 6 | 6:00 |
                    +-------+------+

对于当前最新版本的openpyxl==3.0.9 ，我发现以下最适合我：

from copy import copy

from openpyxl import load_workbook, Workbook
from openpyxl.cell import Cell
from openpyxl.worksheet.cell_range import CellRange
from openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet import Worksheet


def unmerge_and_fill_cells(worksheet: Worksheet) -> None:
    """
    Unmerges all merged cells in the given ``worksheet`` and copies the content
    and styling of the original cell to the newly unmerged cells.

    :param worksheet: The Excel worksheet containing the merged cells.
    """

    # Must convert iterator to list to eagerly evaluate all merged cell ranges
    # before looping over them - this prevents unintended side-effects of
    # certain cell ranges from being skipped since `worksheet.unmerge_cells()`
    # is destructive.
    all_merged_cell_ranges: list[CellRange] = list(
        worksheet.merged_cells.ranges
    )

    for merged_cell_range in all_merged_cell_ranges:
        merged_cell: Cell = merged_cell_range.start_cell
        worksheet.unmerge_cells(range_string=merged_cell_range.coord)

        # Don't need to convert iterator to list here since `merged_cell_range`
        # is cached
        for row_index, col_index in merged_cell_range.cells:
            cell: Cell = worksheet.cell(row=row_index, column=col_index)
            cell.value = merged_cell.value

            # (Optional) If you want to also copy the original cell styling to
            # the newly unmerged cells, you must use shallow `copy()` since
            # cell style properties are proxy objects which are not hashable.
            #
            # See <https://openpyxl.rtfd.io/en/stable/styles.html#copying-styles>
            cell.alignment = copy(merged_cell.alignment)
            cell.border = copy(merged_cell.border)
            cell.font = copy(merged_cell.font)


# Sample usage
if __name__ == "__main__":
    workbook: Workbook = load_workbook(
        filename="workbook_with_merged_cells.xlsx"
    )
    worksheet: Worksheet = workbook["My Sheet"]

    unmerge_and_fill_cells(worksheet=worksheet)
    workbook.save(filename="workbook_with_unmerged_cells.xlsx")

这是一个较短的版本，没有注释，也没有复制样式：

from openpyxl.worksheet.worksheet import Worksheet

def unmerge_and_fill_cells(worksheet: Worksheet) -> None:
    for merged_cell_range in list(worksheet.merged_cells.ranges):
        worksheet.unmerge_cells(range_string=merged_cell_range.start_cell)

        for row_col_indices in merged_cell_range.cells:
            worksheet.cell(*row_col_indices).value = merged_cell.value