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将一对元组与元组对列表进行比较

[英]Comparing a tuple of a pair to a list of tuple pairs

因此,我正在从事此编程作业,目前我坚持将一个元组中的值对与列表中的元组对进行比较。

这些对基本上是x和y坐标,我需要从列表中找到最接近元组对的一个。 例如,给定点(-4, 3)和列表[(10, 6), (1, 7), (6, 3), (1, 9)] ,最接近的将是(1, 7)

这些数字总是随着编程的随机化部分而变化,但是以上被定义为函数。 这是整个事情:

def nearest(point, more_points):
    '''
    Finds the nearest point to the base point
    '''
    (x, y) = point
    for i, j in more_points:
        a = math.fabs(x - i)
        tempI = i
        b = math.fabs(y - j)
        tempJ = j
        tempA, tempB = a , b
        if min(tempA) <  a:

point = () 
my_points = []
c = 0
lpoint = list(point)
while c < 2:
     lpoint.append(random.randrange(-5,5,1)) # generate the "point"
     c += 1
tpoint = tuple(lpoint)
c = 0
colx = [] # x points
coly = [] # y points
# generate the points
while c < 4:
    colx.append(random.randint(0,10))
    coly.append(random.randint(0,10))
    c += 1

my_point = list(zip(colx,coly))
print(my_point)
the_nearest = nearest(tpoint,my_point)
print(the_nearest)

我想做的就是先取x,y,然后取“其他”点并求出差值,然后用它来找到“最近”,但我输了,被困住了。 重点是用户定义的功能。

假设以下函数计算2点内的距离:

def distance(point_a, point_b):
    """Returns the distance between two points."""
    x0, y0 = point_a
    x1, y1 = point_b
    return math.fabs(x0 - x1) + math.fabs(y0 - y1)

您可以遍历所有点并找到最小距离:

def nearest(point, all_points):
    closest_point, best_distance = None, float("inf")
    for other_point in all_points:
        d = distance(point, other_point)
        if d < best_distance:
             closest_point, best_distance = other_point, d
    return closest_point

尽管我可以提出一种更Python化的方法:

def nearest(point, all_points):
    """Returns the closest point in all_points from the first parameter."""
    distance_from_point = functools.partial(distance, point)
    return min(all_points, key=distance_from_point)

上述解决方案的总体思路是构建部分功能。 此部分函数采用单个参数,并将距离返回到作为参数给定的点。 可以将其重写为lambda other_point: distance(point, other_point)但这更漂亮。

请注意,如果您使用一个空的点列表进行调用,上述函数将引发ValueErrornearest(point, []) 如果需要,您可以为此添加一个if。

min()key函数一起使用:

#!/usr/bin/env python3

import math
from functools import partial


def distance_between_points(a, b):
    ax, ay = a
    bx, by = b
    return math.sqrt(pow(ax - bx, 2) + pow(ay - by, 2))


def nearest(point, more_points):
    '''
    Finds the nearest point to the base point
    '''
    distance_to_point = partial(distance_between_points, point)
    return min(more_points, key=distance_to_point)


point = (-4, 3)
my_points = [(10, 6), (1, 7), (6, 3), (1, 9)]
n = nearest(point, my_points)
print(n)

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