[英]Python - 2/3D scatter plot with surface plot from that data
使用:[python] [numpy] [matplotlib]因此,我有一个3D数组来创建散点图,并制作一个* n * n立方体。 这些点具有用颜色表示的不同电势值。
size = 11
z = y = x = size
potential = np.zeros((z, y, x))
Positive = 10
Negative = -10
""" ------- Positive Polo --------- """
polox = poloy = poloz = [1,2]
polos=[polox,poloy,poloz]
polop = [list(x) for x in np.stack(np.meshgrid(*polos)).T.reshape(-1,len(polos))] # Positive polos list
for coord in polop:
potential[coord] = Positive
""" ------- Negative Polo --------- """
polo2x = polo2y = polo2z = [size-3,size-2]
polos2=[polo2x,polo2y,polo2z]
polon = [list(x) for x in np.stack(np.meshgrid(*polos2)).T.reshape(-1,len(polos2))] # Negative polos list
for coord in polon:
potential[coord] = Negative
我在开始时有2个值-10和10的球,其余点的计算方式如下:(周围点的平均值,没有对角线):
for z in range(1,size):
for y in range(1,size):
for x in range(1,size):
if [z,y,x] in polop:
potential[z,y,x] = Positive # If positive polo, keeps potential
elif [z,y,x] in polon:
potential[z,y,x] = Negative # If negative polo, keeps potential
elif z!=size-1 and y!=size-1 and x!=size-1: # Sets the potential to the mean potential of neighbors
potential[z][y][x] = (potential[z][y][x+1] + potential[z][y][x-1] + potential[z][y+1][x] + potential[z][y-1][x] + potential[z+1][y][x] + potential[z-1][y][x]) / 6
对于外部单元:
for z in range(0,size):
for y in range(0,size):
for x in range(0,size):
potential[z,y,0] = potential[z,y,2]
potential[z,0,x] = potential[z,2,x]
potential[0,y,x] = potential[2,y,x]
if z == size-1:
potential[size-1,y,x] = potential[size-3,y,x]
elif y == size-1:
potential[z,size-1,x] = potential[z,size-3,x]
elif x == size-1:
potential[z,y,size-1] = potential[z,y,size-3]
我需要显示一个连接具有相同值间隔“相同颜色”(例如从0到2.5)的点的表面。
我知道有很多这样的问题,但是我不能适应我的代码,它要么不显示(例如this ),要么不一样,或者不是python(像这个 ),这就是为什么我再次询问。 也可以将其显示为很多子图,每个子图都有一个表面。
注意:我的3D数组是这样的,如果我键入print(potential [1,1,1]),它将显示该单元格的值,如下图所示,它是10。这就是我用来显示的内容颜色。
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
z,y,x = potential.nonzero()
cube = ax.scatter(x, y, z, zdir='z', c=potential[z,y,x], cmap=plt.cm.rainbow) # Plot the cube
cbar = fig.colorbar(cube, shrink=0.6, aspect=5) # Add a color bar which maps values to colors.
创建最小,完整和可验证的示例以使帮助更加容易,这对您很有帮助 。
对我来说,仍然不清楚您是如何计算潜力的,也不是如何生成表面的,因此我已经包含了一些琐碎的函数。
以下代码将生成色点的3D散点图和带有颜色平均值的曲面。
from mpl_toolkits.mplot3d import Axes3D
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
import numpy as np
def fn(x, y):
"""Custom fuction to determine the colour (potential?) of the point"""
return (x + y) / 2 # use average as a placeholder
fig = plt.figure()
ax = fig.add_subplot(111, projection='3d')
size = 11 # range 0 to 10
# Make the 3D grid
X, Y, Z = np.meshgrid(np.arange(0, size, 1),
np.arange(0, size, 1),
np.arange(0, size, 1))
# calculate a colour for point(x,y,z)
zs = np.array([fn(x, y) for x, y in zip(np.ravel(X), np.ravel(Y))])
ZZ = zs.reshape(X.shape) # this is used below
# create the surface
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(0, size, 1), np.arange(0, size, 1))
# Calcule the surface Z value, e.g. average of the colours calculated above
zzs = np.array([np.average(ZZ[x][y]) for x, y in zip(np.ravel(xx), np.ravel(yy))])
zz= zzs.reshape(xx.shape)
cube = ax.scatter(X, Y, Z, zdir='z', c=zs, cmap=plt.cm.rainbow)
surf = ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, zz, cmap=plt.cm.rainbow)
cbar = fig.colorbar(cube, shrink=0.6, aspect=5) # Add a color bar
plt.show()
编辑:使用您的其他代码,我能够复制您的多维数据集。
然后使用以下代码生成一个曲面:
xx, yy = np.meshgrid(np.arange(0, size, 1), np.arange(0, size, 1))
#define potential range
min_p = 1.0
max_p = 4.0
zz = np.zeros((size, size))
for i in range(size): # X
for j in range(size): # Y
for k in range(size): # Z
p = potential[k,j,i]
if min_p < p < max_p:
zz[j][i] = p # stop at the first element to meet the conditions
break # break to use the first value in range
然后绘制此表面:
surf = ax.plot_surface(xx, yy, zz, cmap=plt.cm.rainbow)
注意:包括vmin和vmax关键字args以保持相同的比例,我已将它们省略了,以使表面偏差更明显。 我还将多维数据集上的alpha设置为0.2,以便更轻松地查看表面。
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