[英]How can I ssh into a server that requires two password authentication using Python's Paramiko module?
如何使用 Paramiko SSH 到需要双密码身份验证的服务器？
使用特定用户时，它首先提示输入用户密码，然后提示输入另一个密码，因此我的会话需要是交互式的。 我已经使用 pexpect 模块在 Linux 上生成了一个ssh进程，但由于我无法在 Windows 中执行此操作，因此我需要一种使用 Paramiko 的方法来执行此操作。
服务器是我们的产品，是对 CentOS 稍作修改的版本。 我正在编写自动化代码来测试一些需要我通过 ssh 进入服务器并验证一些命令的功能。 我能够以 root 用户身份登录，但对于我感兴趣的用户，它要求输入第二个密码。
这是ssh -vvv命令的输出：
ssh -vvv -p2222 nobrk1n@10.213.23.112 OpenSSH_6.4, OpenSSL 1.0.1e-fips 11 Feb 2013 debug1: Reading configuration data /etc/ssh/ssh_config debug1: /etc/ssh/ssh_config line 51: Applying options for * debug2: ssh_connect: needpriv 0 debug1: Connecting to 10.213.23.112 [10.213.23.112] port 2222. debug1: Connection established. debug1: permanently_set_uid: 0/0 debug3: Incorrect RSA1 identifier debug3: Could not load "/root/.ssh/id_rsa" as a RSA1 public key debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa type 1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_rsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_dsa-cert type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa type -1 debug1: identity file /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa-cert type -1 debug1: Enabling compatibility mode for protocol 2.0 debug1: Local version string SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_6.4 debug1: Remote protocol version 2.0, remote software version OpenSSH_7.4 debug1: match: OpenSSH_7.4 pat OpenSSH* debug2: fd 3 setting O_NONBLOCK debug3: put_host_port: [10.213.23.112]:2222 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[10.213.23.112]:2222" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: order_hostkeyalgs: prefer hostkeyalgs: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521 debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT sent debug1: SSH2_MSG_KEXINIT received debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ecdsa-sha2-nistp256-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521-cert-v01@openssh.com,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp384,ecdsa-sha2-nistp521,ssh-rsa-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v01@openssh.com,ssh-rsa-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-dss-cert-v00@openssh.com,ssh-rsa,ssh-dss debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,arcfour256,arcfour128,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com,aes128-cbc,3des-cbc,blowfish-cbc,cast128-cbc,aes192-cbc,aes256-cbc,arcfour,rijndael-cbc@lysator.liu.se debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-md5-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-etm@openssh.com,umac-64-etm@openssh.com,umac-128-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-512-etm@openssh.com,hmac-ripemd160-etm@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5-96-etm@openssh.com,hmac-md5,hmac-sha1,umac-64@openssh.com,umac-128@openssh.com,hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512,hmac-ripemd160,hmac-ripemd160@openssh.com,hmac-sha1-96,hmac-md5-96 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com,zlib debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: curve25519-sha256,curve25519-sha256@libssh.org,ecdh-sha2-nistp256,ecdh-sha2-nistp384,ecdh-sha2-nistp521,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha256,diffie-hellman-group16-sha512,diffie-hellman-group18-sha512,diffie-hellman-group-exchange-sha1,diffie-hellman-group14-sha256,diffie-hellman-group14-sha1,diffie-hellman-group1-sha1 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: ssh-rsa,rsa-sha2-512,rsa-sha2-256,ecdsa-sha2-nistp256,ssh-ed25519 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: aes128-ctr,aes192-ctr,aes256-ctr,aes128-gcm@openssh.com,aes256-gcm@openssh.com debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: hmac-sha2-256,hmac-sha2-512 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: none,zlib@openssh.com debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: first_kex_follows 0 debug2: kex_parse_kexinit: reserved 0 debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-sha2-256 debug1: kex: server->client aes128-ctr hmac-sha2-256 none debug2: mac_setup: found hmac-sha2-256 debug1: kex: client->server aes128-ctr hmac-sha2-256 none debug1: sending SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_INIT debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_KEX_ECDH_REPLY debug1: Server host key: ECDSA 30:5c:e6:be:81:31:79:b8:71:80:bf:49:95:a9:79:12 debug3: put_host_port: [10.213.23.112]:2222 debug3: put_host_port: [10.213.23.112]:2222 debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[10.213.23.112]:2222" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug3: load_hostkeys: loading entries for host "[10.213.23.112]:2222" from file "/root/.ssh/known_hosts" debug3: load_hostkeys: found key type ECDSA in file /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug3: load_hostkeys: loaded 1 keys debug1: Host '[10.213.23.112]:2222' is known and matches the ECDSA host key. debug1: Found key in /root/.ssh/known_hosts:1 debug1: ssh_ecdsa_verify: signature correct debug2: kex_derive_keys debug2: set_newkeys: mode 1 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS sent debug1: expecting SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS debug2: set_newkeys: mode 0 debug1: SSH2_MSG_NEWKEYS received debug1: Roaming not allowed by server debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_REQUEST sent debug2: service_accept: ssh-userauth debug1: SSH2_MSG_SERVICE_ACCEPT received debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa (0x55f959096720), debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa ((nil)), debug2: key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa ((nil)), debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: start over, passed a different list publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug3: preferred gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-keyex debug3: remaining preferred: gssapi-with-mic,publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-keyex debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-keyex debug1: No valid Key exchange context debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup gssapi-with-mic debug3: remaining preferred: publickey,keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled gssapi-with-mic debug1: Next authentication method: gssapi-with-mic debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:0) debug1: Unspecified GSS failure. Minor code may provide more information No Kerberos credentials available (default cache: KEYRING:persistent:0) debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup publickey debug3: remaining preferred: keyboard-interactive,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled publickey debug1: Next authentication method: publickey debug1: Offering RSA public key: /root/.ssh/id_rsa debug3: send_pubkey_test debug2: we sent a publickey packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentications that can continue: publickey,gssapi-keyex,gssapi-with-mic,password debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_dsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_dsa: No such file or directory debug1: Trying private key: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa debug3: no such identity: /root/.ssh/id_ecdsa: No such file or directory debug2: we did not send a packet, disable method debug3: authmethod_lookup password debug3: remaining preferred: ,password debug3: authmethod_is_enabled password debug1: Next authentication method: password nobrk1n@10.213.23.112's password: debug3: packet_send2: adding 64 (len 60 padlen 4 extra_pad 64) debug2: we sent a password packet, wait for reply debug1: Authentication succeeded (password). Authenticated to 10.213.23.112 ([10.213.23.112]:2222). debug1: channel 0: new [client-session] debug3: ssh_session2_open: channel_new: 0 debug2: channel 0: send open debug1: Requesting no-more-sessions@openssh.com debug1: Entering interactive session. debug1: client_input_global_request: rtype hostkeys-00@openssh.com want_reply 0 debug2: callback start debug2: fd 3 setting TCP_NODELAY debug3: packet_set_tos: set IP_TOS 0x10 debug2: client_session2_setup: id 0 debug2: channel 0: request pty-req confirm 1 debug1: Sending environment. debug3: Ignored env XDG_SESSION_ID debug3: Ignored env HOSTNAME debug3: Ignored env TERM debug3: Ignored env SHELL debug3: Ignored env HISTSIZE debug3: Ignored env SSH_CLIENT debug3: Ignored env SSH_TTY debug3: Ignored env USER debug3: Ignored env LS_COLORS debug3: Ignored env MAIL debug3: Ignored env PATH debug3: Ignored env PWD debug1: Sending env LANG = en_US.UTF-8 debug2: channel 0: request env confirm 0 debug3: Ignored env HISTCONTROL debug3: Ignored env SHLVL debug3: Ignored env HOME debug3: Ignored env LOGNAME debug3: Ignored env XDG_DATA_DIRS debug3: Ignored env SSH_CONNECTION debug3: Ignored env LESSOPEN debug3: Ignored env XDG_RUNTIME_DIR debug3: Ignored env _ debug2: channel 0: request shell confirm 1 debug2: callback done debug2: channel 0: open confirm rwindow 0 rmax 32768 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: PTY allocation request accepted on channel 0 debug2: channel 0: rcvd adjust 2097152 debug2: channel_input_status_confirm: type 99 id 0 debug2: shell request accepted on channel 0 Last login: Tue Dec 11 21:17:10 2018 from 10.213.23.201 Please enter the shell password : debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE debug3: Received SSH2_MSG_IGNORE Entering shell... [root@atd-reg root]#
我无法执行这样的命令：
ssh -vvv -p2222 nobrk1n@10.213.23.112 ls
执行上述命令时，系统会提示我输入 nobrk1n 用户的密码。 但是在输入密码时它会卡住。 我已将上述命令的输出粘贴到https://pastebin.com/hSfiCmdi 。 通常我首先使用ssh -p2222 user@host ssh 进入服务器，当建立连接并成功登录时，我开始执行命令。
您的服务器对第一个密码使用标准密码身份验证。
只有在 shell 启动时才询问第二个密码。 简单的 I/O 就是用来做这个的。
此外，您的服务器似乎不支持“exec”接口/通道来执行命令（因为ssh user@host command不起作用）。 什么可能与“shell 密码”功能有关。 所以你可能必须使用“shell”通道来执行你的命令，否则不推荐。
ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
ssh.connect(hostname, username = username, password = password1)
channel = ssh.invoke_shell()
channel.send(password2 + "\n")
channel.send(command + "\n")
while not channel.recv_ready():
time.sleep(1)
out = channel.recv(9999)
与 Python Paramiko 连接到 SSH 服务器，除了密码提示外，还需要使用 Enter 键提交键盘交互式横幅
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