无法弄清楚无限循环的原因

Question

我使用 python 编写了 Hangman 游戏。 在没有更多机会之后，我得到了一个无限循环。

import random
import time
import sys

# Returns a word
def get_word(): 
    words = ["apple", "sandwitch", "chance", "winner", "chicken", "dinner"]
    return random.choice(words)

# Checks whether the character is in the word or not    
def check_character(character, word, newWord):
    word = list(word)
    temp = list(newWord)
    flag = False
    for i in range(len(word)):
        if word[i] == character:
            temp[i] = character
            flag = True
        elif str(word[i]).isalpha() == True:
            pass
        else:
            temp[i] = '*'
    newWord = ''.join(temp)
    return [newWord, flag]      # flag is True if character was in word else False  


def play(name):
    chances = 3
    points = 0
    loop = True
    print("Welcome {} you have {} chances and your points are {}. ".format(name, chances, points))

    while loop:
        # This loop is getting executed infinitly after no more chances available
        word = get_word()
        print("Word is : {}".format(len(word)* '*'))
        newWord = len(word) * '*'

        while chances != 0:
            if '*' in newWord:
                character = input("Enter a character: ")
                temp = check_character(character, word, newWord)
                newWord, flag = temp[0], temp[1]
                if chances == 0:
                    print("Guess was wrong. No remaining chances .")
                    print("Your score was: {}".format(points))
                    sys.exit(0) # sys.exit() also not working after all the chances are gone
                elif flag == False and chances != 0:
                    chances = chances - 1
                    print("Guess was wrong. Chances remaining are {}".format(chances))
                else:
                    print("Word is : {}".format(newWord))
            else:
                print("Hurray!!! you have guessed the word correctly.")
                points = points + 1
                print("Your points: {}".format(points))
                print("Your remaining chances: {} ".format(chances))
                loop = input("Would you like to continue(True/False only):")
                break


print("Welcome to the Hangman Game!!!! ")
time.sleep(1)
print("Loading.", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".")

name = input("Enter your Name: ")
play(name)

执行外部 while 循环，其余工作正常。 当没有更多机会时，无论循环值如何，外部 while 仍然会执行。

删除所有错误后，有两个错误将循环类型转换为字符串，而外部 while 循环没有机会 = 3。经过一些调整后，它是工作文件，下面是正确的代码，并且 GitHub 代码也已更新.

import random
import time
import sys

def get_word():
    words = ["apple", "sandwitch", "chance", "winner", "chicken", "dinner"]
    return random.choice(words)

def check_character(character, word, newWord):
    word = list(word)
    temp = list(newWord)
    flag = False
    for i in range(len(word)):
        if word[i] == character:
            temp[i] = character
            flag = True
        elif str(word[i]).isalpha() == True:
            pass
        else:
            temp[i] = '*'
    newWord = ''.join(temp)
    return [newWord, flag]        


def play(name):
    chances = 3
    points = 0
    loop = True
    print("Welcome {} you have {} chances and your points are {}. ".format(name, chances, points))

    while loop:
        chances = 3
        word = get_word()
        print("Word is : {}".format(len(word)* '*'))
        newWord = len(word) * '*'

        while chances != 0:
            if '*' in newWord:
                character = input("Enter a character: ")
                temp = check_character(character, word, newWord)
                newWord, flag = temp[0], temp[1]
                if flag == False and chances == 1:
                    print("Guess was wrong. No remaining chances .")
                    print("Your score was: {}".format(points))
                    sys.exit(0)
                elif flag == False and chances > 0:
                    chances = chances - 1
                    print("Guess was wrong. Chances remaining are {}".format(chances))
                else:
                    print("Word is : {}".format(newWord))
            else:
                print("Hurray!!! you have guessed the word correctly.")
                points = points + 1
                print("Your points: {}".format(points))
                print("Your remaining chances: {} ".format(chances))
                answer = input("Do you wish to continue ? (Y/N)").upper() 
                if answer == "N":
                    loop = False
                break    

print("Welcome to the Hangman Game!!!! ")
time.sleep(1)
print("Loading.", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".", end= "")
time.sleep(1)
print(".")

name = input("Enter your Name: ")
play(name)

我还创建了该程序的 GitHub 存储库，请单击此处。

Answer 1

loop = input("Would you like to continue(True/False only):")

这一行是你将循环设置为字符串“True”或“False”而不是布尔值的罪魁祸首

一个简单的修复是这样的：

loop = (input("Would you like to continue(True/False only):") == "True")

它将输入与字符串值进行比较并返回一个布尔值。

Answer 2

你的循环至少有两个逻辑错误。

第一个错误是您要求用户在此行中输入 True 或 False：

loop = input("Would you like to continue(True/False only):")

但这将作为字符串输入，而不是布尔值，因此无论用户输入什么，外循环都将永远继续。 您需要将其转换为布尔值，例如使用

loop = input("Would you like to continue (True/False only):")
loop = loop.lower() == 'true' # do case-insensitive comparison to get a Boolean

第二个错误是，如果用户确实想再次玩，则需要重置chances ，否则仍然为零，用户将永远没有机会对下一场比赛进行猜测。 因此，您应该将chances = 3移动到第一个循环的开头，而不是在它之前。

Answer 3

您的主循环使用条件while loop 。 但是，在您的代码中：

• 你永远不会break那个循环
• 您使用loop = input("Would you like to continue(True/False only):")更改循环值

输入将返回一个字符串，并在你的while断言：

• 如果字符串是""，那么就等价于False
• 否则，如果字符串是其他任何东西，则等价于True

因此，如果您的用户输入任何内容，它将被视为“循环仍然为真”。

要解决您的问题，您必须处理用户输入

answer = input("Do you wish to continue ? (Y/N)").upper() ?
if answer == "N":
    loop = False