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[英]C++: How can I avoid “invalid covariant return type” in inherited classes without casting?
[英]C++ - How to return list of covariant classes?
我正在处理 Qt + C++ (x11)。
我有一个基类和几个返回指向该子类(协变)的新指针的子类。 我也需要返回这些子类的容器(QList)。 一个例子:
class A
{
public:
int id;
}
class B : public A
{
int Age;
};
class WorkerA
{
public:
virtual A *newOne() {return new A()};
virtual QList<A*> *newOnes {
QList<A*> list = new QList<A*>;
//Perform some data search and insert it in list, this is only simple example. In real world it will call a virtual method to fill member data overriden in each subclass.
A* a = this.newOne();
a.id = 0;
list.append(this.newOne());
return list;
};
};
class WorkerB
{
public:
virtual B *newOne() override {return new B()}; //This compiles OK (covariant)
virtual QList<B*> *newOnes override { //This fails (QList<B*> is not covariant of QList<A*>)
(...)
};
};
这将无法编译,因为 QList 是与 QList 完全不同的类型。 但类似的东西会很好。 在现实世界中,B 的数据成员将比 A 多,并且会有 C、D...,因此需要“协变”列表的返回。 我会更好:
WorkerB wb;
//some calls to wb...
QList<B*> *bList = wb.newOnes();
B* b = bList.at(0); //please excuse the absence of list size checking
info(b.id);
info(b.age);
比
WorkerB wb;
//some calls to wb...
QList<A*> *bList = wb.newOnes();
B* b = static_cast<B*>(bList.at(0)); //please excuse the absence of list size checking
info(b.id);
info(b.age);
有没有办法实现这一目标?
我希望从下面提到的代码中你会得到一些关于这个问题的提示。
这是 main.cpp:
#include <QCoreApplication>
#include <QDebug>
#include "myclass.h"
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
QCoreApplication a(argc, argv);
MyClass mClass;
mClass.name = "Debussy";
// put a class into QVariant
QVariant v = QVariant::fromValue(mClass);
// What's the type?
// It's MyClass, and it's been registered
// by adding macro in "myclass.h"
MyClass vClass = v.value<MyClass>();
qDebug() << vClass.name;
return a.exec();
}
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