从 GUI 获取用户秒表时间并将其写入由程序打开的文本文件

Question

好吧，我很抱歉，但我对 python 完全陌生，而且我是第一次使用 GUI。 我目前有一个使用 Tkinter 的 GUI 秒表程序，需要以某种方式保存这些用户输入并将它们写入一个文本文件，该文本文件可以用该程序打开备份。 这是我的代码：

import tkinter as tink
count = -1
run = False
def var_name(stopwatch):
   def value():
      if run:
         global count
         # Just beore starting
         if count == -1:
            show = "Starting"
         else:
            show = str(count)
         stopwatch['text'] = show
         #Increment the count after every 1 second
         stopwatch.after(1000, value)
         count += 1
   value()

# While Running
def Start(stopwatch):
   global run
   run = True
   var_name(stopwatch)
   start['state'] = 'disabled'
   stop['state'] = 'normal'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'

# While stopped
def Stop():
   global run
   start['state'] = 'normal'
   stop['state'] = 'disabled'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'
   run = False

# For Reset
def Reset(label):
   global count
   count = -1
   if run == False:
      reset['state'] = 'disabled'
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Welcome'
   else:
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Start'

base = tink.Tk()
base.title("Alyssa's Stopwatch")
base.minsize(width=300, height=200,)
stopwatch = tink.Label(base, text="Let's begin!", fg="#ff5ca5", font="Times 25
bold",bg="white")
stopwatch.pack()
start = tink.Button(base, text='Start',fg="#c978ff",width=25, command=lambda:
Start(stopwatch))
stop = tink.Button(base, text='Stop', fg="#78b0ff", width=25, state='disabled',
command=Stop)
reset = tink.Button(base, text='Reset', fg="#92fcbb",width=25, state='disabled',
command=lambda: Reset(stopwatch))
start.pack()
stop.pack()
reset.pack()
base.mainloop()

Answer 1

代码中似乎没有任何读取方法来读取用户输入。 GUI 秒表具有“开始”、“停止”和“重置”按钮，但没有读取用户输入的选项。

因此，您在此处引用的用户输入尚不清楚：

我目前有一个使用 Tkinter 的 GUI 秒表程序，需要以某种方式保存这些用户输入并将它们写入一个文本文件，该文本文件可以用该程序打开备份。

编辑================================================== ============================

你好。

您必须为此创建一个文本文件。

首先，您使用 open 方法创建一个空白文本文件。 让应用程序读取文件，并同时启用写入选项。 为了演示，在正在使用的笔记本中创建了一个“mycount.txt”文件。必须包含一个“import os”语句。 使用 os.startfile("mycount.txt") 在应用程序中打开文件，然后启用写入选项。

在 Stop() 方法中，将文本文件作为文件 object 打开。 将读取的 cursor 移动到文件的开头，如果文件不为空，则 go 到文件内的新行。 Append 文件末尾的观测值。 关闭秒表并再次运行应用程序后，秒表中的数字将显示在文本文件中。

下面的代码演示了这个过程：

import tkinter as tink
import os

os.startfile("mycount.txt")
count = -1
#second_count = 0
f = open("mycount.txt","r+")

#if f.read()
#os.startfile("mycount.txt")

print(f.read())
run = False
def var_name(stopwatch):
   def value():    
      if run:
         global count
         # Just beore starting
         if count == -1:
            show = "Starting"
         else:
            show = str(count)
         stopwatch['text'] = show
         #Increment the count after every 1 second
         stopwatch.after(1000, value)


         count += 1


   value()

# While Running
def Start(stopwatch):
   global run
   run = True
   var_name(stopwatch)
   start['state'] = 'disabled'
   stop['state'] = 'normal'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'

# While stopped
def Stop():
   global run
   start['state'] = 'normal'
   stop['state'] = 'disabled'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'
   run = False


   with open("mycount.txt","a+") as file_object:
       #Move Read cursor to the start of the file.
       file_object.seek(0)
       #If file is not empty, then append "\n"

       data = file_object.read(100)
       if len(data) > 0:
            file_object.write("\n")
        #Append text at the end of the file

       f.write(str(count-1) + "\n")
       print(f.read())
       f.close()




# For Reset
def Reset(label):
   global count
   count = -1
   if run == False:
      reset['state'] = 'disabled'
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Welcome'
   else:
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Start'

base = tink.Tk()
base.title("Alyssa's Stopwatch")
base.minsize(width=300, height=200,)
stopwatch = tink.Label(base, text="Let's begin!", fg="#ff5ca5", font="Times 25 bold",bg="white")
stopwatch.pack()
start = tink.Button(base, text='Start',fg="#c978ff",width=25, command=lambda:Start(stopwatch))
stop = tink.Button(base, text='Stop', fg="#78b0ff", width=25, state='disabled',command=Stop)
reset = tink.Button(base, text='Reset', fg="#92fcbb",width=25, state='disabled',command=lambda: Reset(stopwatch))
start.pack()
stop.pack()
reset.pack()
base.mainloop()

希望这可以帮助！

Answer 2

tkinter没有读取和写入配置的特殊功能，因此您必须自己完成。 使用标准open() 、 read() 、 write() 、 close()或模块将其保存在文件JSON 、 YAML或.ini中。 您必须在Tk()之前（如果您想使用 confing 创建windgets）或在mainloop()之前（如果您想更改现有小部件）阅读配置，并在mainloop()之后（或更改状态时）保存它

---

我使用JSON来保留配置，因为它是标准模块（因此您不必安装它），它将带有数字的文本转换为整数/浮点值，将文本“false/true”转换为 boolean 值False/True等（所以它需要更少的工作/代码）

读：

    with open('config.txt') as fh:
        config = json.load(fh)

    count = config['count']
    run = config['run']

节省：

    config = { 
        'count': count,
        'run': run,
    }

    with open('config.txt', 'w') as fh:
        json.dump(config, fh)

因为从文件中获取配置后，我还想更新 label 和按钮上的文本，所以我在创建所有小部件后读取配置。

# read after creating widgets because config updates text on label and buttons
load_config()

base.mainloop()

# save after closing window
save_config()

---

包含其他更改的完整代码

PEP 8 -- Python 代码的样式指南

import json
import tkinter as tk

# --- functions ---

def update():
    global count # PEP8: all `global` at the beginning to make it more readable

    if run:
       # just before starting
       if count == -1:
          show = "Starting"
       else:
          show = count
       stopwatch['text'] = show # there is no need to use `str()`

       # increment the count after every 1 second
       count += 1

       stopwatch.after(1000, update)


# while running
def on_start(): # PEP8: lower_case_names for functions
   global run

   run = True

   start['state'] = 'disabled'
   stop['state'] = 'normal'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'

   update()


# while stopped
def on_stop(): # PEP8: lower_case_names for functions
   global run

   run = False

   start['state'] = 'normal'
   stop['state'] = 'disabled'
   reset['state'] = 'normal'


# for reset
def on_reset(): # PEP8: lower_case_names for functions
   global count

   count = -1
   #if run == False:
   #if run is False: # PEP8: `is False` instead `== False`
   if not run:  # PEP8: more preferred then `is False` (and you can read it like English text)
      reset['state'] = 'disabled'
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Welcome'
   else:
      stopwatch['text'] = 'Start'


def load_config():
    global count
    global run

    try:
        with open('config.txt') as fh:
            config = json.load(fh)

        print('[DEBUG] load_config:', config)

        count = config['count']
        run = config['run']

        # update label and buttons
        if count > -1:
            # update text on label
            stopwatch['text'] = count
            # continue counting and/or update text on buttons
            if run:
                on_start()
            else:
                on_stop()
    except Exception as ex:
        # if there is empty/broken config file (or it doesn't exist yet)
        print('Exception:', ex)

def save_config():
    # create data to save
    config = { 
        'count': count,
        'run': run,
    }

    print('[DEBUG] save_config:', config)

    with open('config.txt', 'w') as fh:
        json.dump(config, fh)

# --- main ---

count = -1
run = False

base = tk.Tk()
base.title("Alyssa's Stopwatch")
base.minsize(width=300, height=200,)

stopwatch = tk.Label(base, text="Let's begin!",
                     fg="#ff5ca5", font="Times 25 bold", bg="white")
stopwatch.pack()

start = tk.Button(base, text='Start',
                  fg="#c978ff", width=25, command=on_start)
stop = tk.Button(base, text='Stop',
                 fg="#78b0ff", width=25, state='disabled', command=on_stop)
reset = tk.Button(base, text='Reset',
                  fg="#92fcbb", width=25, state='disabled', command=on_reset)
start.pack()
stop.pack()
reset.pack()

# read after creating widgets because config updates text on label and buttons
load_config()

base.mainloop()

# save after closing window
save_config()