在 Windows 10 上为 PyPy3 安装 numpy 时出现问题

Question

我在尝试在我的 Windows 10 机器上为 pypy3 安装 numpy 时遇到问题。

由于我无法判断这个问题是源于我的 pypy3 安装还是其他原因，所以我在这里描述了到目前为止我所遵循的所有步骤：

如官方下载页面所示，我有：

• 下载并安装“Visual C++ Redistributable Package” vcredist.x86.exe
• 下载并安装了 Pypy3“Windows 二进制（32 位）”文件pypy3.6-v7.3.1-win32.zip

然后在手动将 pypy3 添加到我的机器的PATH之后，我有：

• 使用命令pypy3 -m ensurepip从 shell 安装pip package

尝试安装 numpy 时会出现问题。 官方文档说可以通过执行pypy -m pip install numpy pypy3在我的情况下为 pypy3 ）安装它，但这样做会引发以下错误：

Collecting numpy
  Using cached numpy-1.18.4.zip (5.4 MB)
  Installing build dependencies ... done
  Getting requirements to build wheel ... done
    Preparing wheel metadata ... error
    ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1:
     command: 'C:\pypy3\pypy3.exe' 'C:\pypy3\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\tmplva52crq'
         cwd: C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy
    Complete output (231 lines):
    Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pxd.in
    Processing numpy/random\mtrand.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_bit_generator.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_bounded_integers.pyx.in
    Processing numpy/random\_common.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_generator.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_mt19937.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_pcg64.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_philox.pyx
    Processing numpy/random\_sfc64.pyx
    Cythonizing sources
    blas_opt_info:
    blas_mkl_info:
    customize MSVCCompiler
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    blis_info:
      libraries blis not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    openblas_info:
      libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
    get_default_fcompiler: matching types: '['gnu', 'intelv', 'absoft', 'compaqv', 'intelev', 'gnu95', 'g95', 'intelvem', 'intelem', 'flang']'
    customize GnuFCompiler
    Could not locate executable g77
    Could not locate executable f77
    customize IntelVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable ifort
    Could not locate executable ifl
    customize AbsoftFCompiler
    Could not locate executable f90
    customize CompaqVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable DF
    customize IntelItaniumVisualFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efl
    customize Gnu95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable gfortran
    Could not locate executable f95
    customize G95FCompiler
    Could not locate executable g95
    customize IntelEM64VisualFCompiler
    customize IntelEM64TFCompiler
    Could not locate executable efort
    Could not locate executable efc
    customize PGroupFlangCompiler
    Could not locate executable flang
    don't know how to compile Fortran code on platform 'nt'
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_blas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries tatlas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_blas_info:
      libraries satlas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_blas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_blas_info:
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    accelerate_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

    blas_info:
      libraries blas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    blas_src_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

      NOT AVAILABLE

    non-existing path in 'numpy\\distutils': 'site.cfg'
    lapack_opt_info:
    lapack_mkl_info:
      libraries mkl_rt not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    openblas_lapack_info:
      libraries openblas not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    openblas_clapack_info:
      libraries openblas,lapack not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    flame_info:
      libraries flame not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
      libraries tatlas,tatlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_3_10_info:
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
      libraries satlas,satlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_3_10_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_threads_info:
    Setting PTATLAS=ATLAS
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
      libraries ptf77blas,ptcblas,atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_threads_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    atlas_info:
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\
      libraries lapack_atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
      libraries f77blas,cblas,atlas not found in C:\pypy3\libs
    <class 'numpy.distutils.system_info.atlas_info'>
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_info:
      libraries lapack not found in ['C:\\', 'C:\\pypy3\\libs']
      NOT AVAILABLE

    lapack_src_info:
      NOT AVAILABLE

      NOT AVAILABLE

    running dist_info
    running build_src
    build_src
    building py_modules sources
    creating build
    creating build\src.win32-3.6
    creating build\src.win32-3.6\numpy
    creating build\src.win32-3.6\numpy\distutils
    building library "npymath" sources
    Running from numpy source directory.
    setup.py:461: UserWarning: Unrecognized setuptools command, proceeding with generating Cython sources and expanding templates
      run_build = parse_setuppy_commands()
    C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1896: UserWarning:
        Optimized (vendor) Blas libraries are not found.
        Falls back to netlib Blas library which has worse performance.
        A better performance should be easily gained by switching
        Blas library.
      if self._calc_info(blas):
    C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1896: UserWarning:
        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas]) or by setting
        the BLAS environment variable.
      if self._calc_info(blas):
    C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1896: UserWarning:
        Blas (http://www.netlib.org/blas/) sources not found.
        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [blas_src]) or by setting
        the BLAS_SRC environment variable.
      if self._calc_info(blas):
    C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1730: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) libraries not found.
        Directories to search for the libraries can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack]) or by setting
        the LAPACK environment variable.
      return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
    C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\system_info.py:1730: UserWarning:
        Lapack (http://www.netlib.org/lapack/) sources not found.
        Directories to search for the sources can be specified in the
        numpy/distutils/site.cfg file (section [lapack_src]) or by setting
        the LAPACK_SRC environment variable.
      return getattr(self, '_calc_info_{}'.format(name))()
    C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\dist.py:261: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'define_macros'
      warnings.warn(msg)
    Traceback (most recent call last):
      File "C:\pypy3\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 280, in <module>
        main()
      File "C:\pypy3\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 263, in main
        json_out['return_val'] = hook(**hook_input['kwargs'])
      File "C:\pypy3\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py", line 133, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        return hook(metadata_directory, config_settings)
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0puh3yb5\overlay\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 158, in prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel
        self.run_setup()
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0puh3yb5\overlay\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 250, in run_setup
        self).run_setup(setup_script=setup_script)
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0puh3yb5\overlay\site-packages\setuptools\build_meta.py", line 143, in run_setup
        exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'), locals())
      File "setup.py", line 488, in <module>
        setup_package()
      File "setup.py", line 480, in setup_package
        setup(**metadata)
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\core.py", line 171, in setup
        return old_setup(**new_attr)
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0puh3yb5\overlay\site-packages\setuptools\__init__.py", line 144, in setup
        return distutils.core.setup(**attrs)
      File "C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\core.py", line 148, in setup
        dist.run_commands()
      File "C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\dist.py", line 955, in run_commands
        self.run_command(cmd)
      File "C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-build-env-0puh3yb5\overlay\site-packages\setuptools\command\dist_info.py", line 31, in run
        egg_info.run()
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\egg_info.py", line 26, in run
        self.run_command("build_src")
      File "C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\cmd.py", line 313, in run_command
        self.distribution.run_command(command)
      File "C:\pypy3\lib-python\3\distutils\dist.py", line 974, in run_command
        cmd_obj.run()
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 146, in run
        self.build_sources()
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 157, in build_sources
        self.build_library_sources(*libname_info)
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 290, in build_library_sources
        sources = self.generate_sources(sources, (lib_name, build_info))
      File "C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-fe1jhyy5\numpy\numpy\distutils\command\build_src.py", line 380, in generate_sources
        source = func(extension, build_dir)
      File "numpy\core\setup.py", line 661, in get_mathlib_info
        raise RuntimeError("Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program")
    RuntimeError: Broken toolchain: cannot link a simple C program
    ----------------------------------------
ERROR: Command errored out with exit status 1: 'C:\pypy3\pypy3.exe' 'C:\pypy3\site-packages\pip\_vendor\pep517\_in_process.py' prepare_metadata_for_build_wheel 'C:\Users\solub\AppData\Local\Temp\tmplva52crq' Check the logs for full command output.

正如同一个文档中所建议的，我还尝试使用带有以下命令的实验性PyPy 二进制轮子：

pypy3 -m pip install --extra-index-url https://antocuni.github.io/pypy-wheels/manylinux2010 numpy

但出现完全相同的错误消息。 我应该注意到，在这个相关线程中推荐的类似解决方法也失败了。

附加信息：

• 我安装了“Visual Studio Build Tools 2019”（MSVC v142 - VS 2019 C++ x64/x86 Build Tools (v14.25)）
• 我正在使用 pip 20.1 版和 setuptools 46.4.0 版
• 我已将英语作为我系统的主要语言（下面的评论中提到了可能的非 ascii 冲突）
• 我尝试过使用其他版本（pypy2.7 v7.3.1 和 pypy3.6 v7.3.0）无济于事（相同的错误消息）

任何帮助将不胜感激。

Answer 1

似乎是 ppy3 没有正确安装。 尝试通过 wget 安装。

wget https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py
./pypy get-pip.py

安装后，尝试安装 numpy

pypy -m pip install numpy 

Answer 2

感谢您在 Windows 上试用 PyPy 并报告问题。 我们真的没有大型 Windows PyPy 社区，所以反馈很好。 这里有两件事在起作用：

• RPython 错误（将其视为 CPython 中的 C 级段错误），这可能是由非 ascii 路径名引起的。 我认为我们在 7.3.1 版本之后修复了这个问题，但最好尝试弄清楚那里发生了什么，它是/曾经是 PyPy 中的一个错误。
• 构建失败，带有神秘的“损坏的工具链：无法链接简单的 C 程序”。 这与最新版本中从 MSVC9（Visual Studio 2008）到 MSVC14（Visual Studio 2017、2019）的过渡有关。 它应该在这个提交到 PyPy 中得到修复，它应该在下一个夜间构建中登陆