繁体   English   中英

如何使用前几行的数据在 dataframe 列上应用 function?

[英]How do you apply a function on a dataframe column using data from previous rows?

我有一个 Dataframe ,它有三列:带有一些值的numsb始终为10result列当前在除第一行之外的任何地方都为零(因为我们必须有一个初始值才能使用)。 dataframe 看起来像这样:

   nums   b    result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    0
2  30.0  1    0
3  29.1  1    0
4  20.0  0    0
...

问题

我想从第二行开始对 dataframe 中的每一行进行 go ,进行一些计算并将结果存储在result列中。 由于我正在处理大文件,因此我需要一种方法来快速执行此操作,这就是我想要类似apply的原因。

我要做的计算是从前一行获取numsresult中的值,如果在当前行中b col 为0 ,那么我想要(例如)添加前一行的numresult . 例如,如果该行中的b1 ,我想减去它们。

我尝试了什么?

我尝试使用apply但我无法访问上一行,遗憾的是,如果我设法访问上一行,dataframe 直到最后都不会更新结果列。

我也尝试过使用这样的循环,但是对于我正在使用的大型文件来说它太慢了:

       for i in range(1, len(df.index)):
            row = df.index[i]
            new_row = df.index[i - 1]  # get index of previous row for "nums" and "result"
            df.loc[row, 'result'] = some_calc_func(prev_result=df.loc[new_row, 'result'], prev_num=df.loc[new_row, 'nums'], \
                                     current_b=df.loc[row, 'b'])

some_calc_func看起来像这样(只是一个一般示例):

def some_calc_func(prev_result, prev_num, current_b):
    if current_b == 1:
        return prev_result * prev_num / 2
    else:
        return prev_num + 17

请回答some_calc_func

如果您想保留 function some_calc_func并且不使用另一个库,则不应尝试在每次迭代时访问每个元素,您可以在 nums 和 b 列上使用zip并在两者之间转换,因为您尝试访问前一个行并将每次迭代的 prev_res 保存在 memory 中。 此外, append到一个列表而不是 dataframe,并在循环之后将列表分配给列。

prev_res = df.loc[0, 'result'] #get first result
l_res = [prev_res] #initialize the list of results
# loop with zip to get both values at same time, 
# use loc to start b at second row but not num
for prev_num, curren_b in zip(df['nums'], df.loc[1:, 'b']):
    # use your function to calculate the new prev_res
    prev_res = some_calc_func (prev_res, prev_num, curren_b)
    # add to the list of results
    l_res.append(prev_res)
# assign to the column
df['result'] = l_res
print (df) #same result than with your method
   nums  b  result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    37.0
2  30.0  1   407.0
3  29.1  1  6105.0
4  20.0  0    46.1

现在有了 5000 行的 dataframe df,我得到:

%%timeit
prev_res = df.loc[0, 'result']
l_res = [prev_res]
for prev_num, curren_b in zip(df['nums'], df.loc[1:, 'b']):
    prev_res = some_calc_func (prev_res, prev_num, curren_b)
    l_res.append(prev_res)
df['result'] = l_res
# 4.42 ms ± 695 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 100 loops each)

使用您的原始解决方案,速度慢了约 750 倍

%%timeit 
for i in range(1, len(df.index)):
    row = df.index[i]
    new_row = df.index[i - 1]  # get index of previous row for "nums" and "result"
    df.loc[row, 'result'] = some_calc_func(prev_result=df.loc[new_row, 'result'], prev_num=df.loc[new_row, 'nums'], \
                             current_b=df.loc[row, 'b'])
#3.25 s ± 392 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1 loop each)

如果 function some_calc_func可以很容易地与 Numba 装饰器一起使用,则使用另一个名为numba的库进行编辑。

from numba import jit
# decorate your function
@jit
def some_calc_func(prev_result, prev_num, current_b):
    if current_b == 1:
        return prev_result * prev_num / 2
    else:
        return prev_num + 17

# create a function to do your job
# numba likes numpy arrays
@jit
def with_numba(prev_res, arr_nums, arr_b):
    # array for results and initialize
    arr_res = np.zeros_like(arr_nums)
    arr_res[0] = prev_res
    # loop on the length of arr_b
    for i in range(len(arr_b)):
        #do the calculation and set the value in result array
        prev_res = some_calc_func (prev_res, arr_nums[i], arr_b[i])
        arr_res[i+1] = prev_res
    return arr_res

最后,像这样称呼它

df['result'] = with_numba(df.loc[0, 'result'], 
                          df['nums'].to_numpy(),  
                          df.loc[1:, 'b'].to_numpy())

通过 timeit,我比使用 zip 的方法快了约 9 倍,并且速度会随着尺寸的增加而增加

%timeit df['result'] = with_numba(df.loc[0, 'result'], 
                                  df['nums'].to_numpy(),  
                                  df.loc[1:, 'b'].to_numpy()) 
# 526 µs ± 45.5 µs per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 1000 loops each)

注意使用 Numba 可能会出现问题,具体取决于您的实际some_calc_func

国际大学联盟:

>>> df['result'] = (df[df.result.eq(0)].b.replace({0: 1, 1: -1}) * df.nums
                    ).fillna(df.result).cumsum()

>>> df
   nums  b  result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    42.0
2  30.0  1    12.0
3  29.1  1   -17.1
4  20.0  0     2.9

解释:

# replace 0 with 1 and 1 with -1 in column `b` for rows where result==0
>>> df[df.result.eq(0)].b.replace({0: 1, 1: -1})
1    1
2   -1
3   -1
4    1
Name: b, dtype: int64

# multiply with nums
>>> (df[df.result.eq(0)].b.replace({0: 1, 1: -1}) * df.nums)
0     NaN
1    22.0
2   -30.0
3   -29.1
4    20.0
dtype: float64

# fill the 'NaN' with the corresponding value from df.result (which is 20 here)
>>> (df[df.result.eq(0)].b.replace({0: 1, 1: -1}) * df.nums).fillna(df.result)
0    20.0
1    22.0
2   -30.0
3   -29.1
4    20.0
dtype: float64

# take the cumulative sum (cumsum)
>>> (df[df.result.eq(0)].b.replace({0: 1, 1: -1}) * df.nums).fillna(df.result).cumsum()
0    20.0
1    42.0
2    12.0
3   -17.1
4     2.9
dtype: float64

根据您在评论中的要求,我想不出没有循环的方法:

c1, c2 = 2, 1
l = [df.loc[0, 'result']]            # store the first result in a list

# then loop over the series (df.b * df.nums)

for i, val in (df.b * df.nums).iteritems():
    if i:                            # except for 0th index
        if val == 0:                 # (df.b * df.nums) == 0 if df.b == 0
            l.append(l[-1])          # append the last result
        else:                        # otherwise apply the rule
            t = l[-1] *c2 + val * c1
            l.append(t)

>>> l
[20.0, 20.0, 80.0, 138.2, 138.2]

>>> df['result'] = l

   nums  b  result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    20.0
2  30.0  1    80.0   # [ 20 * 1 +   30 * 2]
3  29.1  1   138.2   # [ 80 * 1 + 29.1 * 2]
4  20.0  0   138.2

似乎足够快,没有测试大样本。

你有 af(...) 申请,但不能因为你需要保留一个 memory (前一个)行。 您可以使用闭包或 class 来执行此操作。 下面是一个 class 实现:

import pandas as pd

class Func():

    def __init__(self, value):
        self._prev = value
        self._init = True

    def __call__(self, x):
        if self._init:
            res = self._prev
            self._init = False
        elif x.b == 0:
            res = x.nums - self._prev
        else:
            res = x.nums + self._prev

        self._prev = res
        return res

#df = pd.read_clipboard()
f = Func(20)
df['result'] = df.apply(f, axis=1)

您可以用some_calc_func正文中的任何内容替换__call__

我意识到这就是@Prodipta 的答案,但这种方法使用global关键字来记住每次迭代apply的先前结果:

prev_result = 20

def my_calc(row):
    global prev_result
    i = int(row.name)   #the index of the current row
    if i==0:
        return prev_result   
    elif row['b'] == 1:
        out = prev_result * df.loc[i-1,'nums']/2   #loc to get prev_num
    else:
        out = df.loc[i-1,'nums'] + 17
    prev_result = out
    return out

df['result'] = df.apply(my_calc, axis=1)

您的示例数据的结果:

   nums  b  result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    37.0
2  30.0  1   407.0
3  29.1  1  6105.0
4  20.0  0    46.1

这是@Ben T的答案的速度测试-不是最好的,但不是最差的?

In[0]
df = pd.DataFrame({'nums':np.random.randint(0,100,5000),'b':np.random.choice([0,1],5000)})

prev_result = 20

%%timeit
df['result'] = df.apply(my_calc, axis=1)

Out[0]
117 ms ± 5.67 ms per loop (mean ± std. dev. of 7 runs, 10 loops each)

重用你的循环和 some_calc_func

我正在使用您的循环并将其减少到最低限度,如下所示

   for i in range(1, len(df)):
      df.loc[i, 'result'] = some_calc_func(df.loc[i, 'b'], df.loc[i - 1, 'result'], df.loc[i, 'nums'])

并且some_calc_func实现如下

def some_calc_func(bval, prev_result, curr_num):
    if bval == 0:
        return prev_result + curr_num
    else:
        return prev_result - curr_num

结果如下

   nums  b  result
0  20.0  1    20.0
1  22.0  0    42.0
2  30.0  1    12.0
3  29.1  1   -17.1
4  20.0  0     2.9

暂无
暂无

声明:本站的技术帖子网页,遵循CC BY-SA 4.0协议,如果您需要转载,请注明本站网址或者原文地址。任何问题请咨询:yoyou2525@163.com.

 
粤ICP备18138465号  © 2020-2024 STACKOOM.COM